Isikhathi sokufunda esilinganiselwe: 11 imizuzu
setshe izithombe ezingamanga kaDonald Trump oboshwe ngamaphoyisa eDolobheni laseNew York ku-chatbot echaza eyodwa usosayensi wekhompyutha uphila kakhulu njengoba wafa kabuhlungu , ikhono lesizukulwane esisha sezinhlelo ubuhlakani bokufakelwa idrayivu ekhiqizayo ukuze udale umbhalo nemifanekiso ephoqelelayo kodwa engelona iqiniso ivusa ama-alamu mayelana nokukhwabanisa kwe-steroid nolwazi olunganembile. Ngempela, ngoMashi 29, 2023 iqembu labacwaningi be-AI kanye nezibalo zemboni banxusa imboni ukuthi imise ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ngobuchwepheshe bakamuva be-AI noma, kuvinjwe lokho, ohulumeni ukuthi "babeke umthetho wokumisa".
Amajeneretha wesithombe athanda I-DALL-E , Uhambo lwaphakathi e Ukusabalalisa Okuzinzile kanye namajeneretha okuqukethwe njenge Bard , I-ChatGPT , UChinchilla e Izingcingo - manje seziyatholakala ezigidini zabantu futhi azidingi ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ongalusebenzisa.
Uma kubhekwa isimo esiqhubekayo sezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezithumela amasistimu e-AI futhi ziwahlole emphakathini, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kufanele bazibuze ukuthi babulawule kanjani futhi kanjani ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa. Ingxoxo icele ochwepheshe abathathu benqubomgomo yobuchwepheshe ukuthi bachaze ukuthi kungani ukulawula i-AI kuyinselelo enjalo nokuthi kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukuyilungisa.
S. Shyam Sundar, uprofesa wemiphumela ye-multimedia kanye nomqondisi, Isikhungo Se-AI Enesibopho Sezenhlalakahle, e-Penn State
Isizathu sokulawula i-AI akungenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe abusalawuleki, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umcabango womuntu awulingani. Ukusabalala kwemithombo yezindaba kuye kwabhebhethekisa izinkolelo ezingenangqondo mayelana namakhono nokwazi kwe-AI. Lezi zinkolelo zisekelwe " ukuchema okuzenzakalelayo ” noma ukuthambekela kokuyekethisa lapho imishini yenza umsebenzi othile. Isibonelo yilesi ukuqapha okuncishisiwe phakathi kwabashayeli bezindiza lapho indiza yabo indiza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ucwaningo oluningi elebhu yami lubonise ukuthi uma umshini, esikhundleni somuntu, ukhonjwa njengomthombo wokusebenzisana, udala indlela enqamulelayo engqondweni yabasebenzisi esiyibiza ngokuthi "i-heuristics yomshini". " . Lesi sihloko sisho inkolelo yokuthi imishini inembile, inenhloso, ayichemi, ayinaphutha, njalo njalo. Kufiphaza ukwahlulela komsebenzisi futhi kubangele ukuthi umsebenzisi athembele ngokweqile emishinini. Kodwa-ke, ukumane udumaze abantu mayelana nokungaphumeleli kwe-AI akwanele, ngoba abantu baziwa ngokuthatha ulwazi ngokungazi noma ubuchwepheshe bungakugunyazi.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu baphatha amakhompuyutha njengezidalwa zomphakathi lapho imishini ikhombisa ngisho nokuncane okuncane kwesintu, njengokusetshenziswa kolimi lwengxoxo. Kulezi zimo, abantu basebenzisa imithetho yenhlalo yokusebenzelana kwabantu, efana nenhlonipho nokubuyisana. Ngakho lapho amakhompyutha ebonakala enozwela, abantu bavame ukuwethemba ngokungaboni. Umthetho uyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-AI ifanelwe yilokhu kuthenjwa futhi ungayisebenzisi.
I-AI yethula inselelo eyingqayizivele ngoba, ngokungafani nezinhlelo zobunjiniyela bendabuko, abaklami abakwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi izinhlelo ze-AI zizosebenza kanjani. Lapho imoto evamile iphuma efektri, onjiniyela babazi kahle ukuthi izosebenza kanjani. Kodwa ngezimoto ezizishayelayo, onjiniyela abasoze baqiniseka ukuthi bazoziphatha kanjani ezimweni ezintsha .
Muva nje, izinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni jikelele zimangele ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-AI ezikhiqizayo njenge-GPT-4 ne-DALL-E 2 ezikhiqizayo ukuphendula iziphakamiso zabo. Akekho noyedwa wonjiniyela ababambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni lezi zinhlobo ze-AI ongakutshela kahle ukuthi amamodeli azokhiqiza ini. Ukwenza izinto zibe nzima, lawa mamodeli ayashintsha futhi aguquke ngokusebenzisana okukhulu kakhulu.
Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi maningi amathuba okuba kube nomlilo ongafanele. Ngakho-ke, okuningi kuncike ekutheni izinhlelo ze-AI zisetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinhlinzeko zokuthola usizo ezikhona lapho imizwa yomuntu noma inhlalakahle ilinyazwa. I-AI ingaphezulu kwengqalasizinda, njengothelawayeka. Ungayiklama ukuze ulolonge ukuziphatha kwabantu kuqoqo, kodwa uzodinga izindlela zokubhekana nokuhlukumeza, njengokuhamba ngesivinini esiphezulu, nezehlakalo ezingalindelekile, njengezingozi.
Onjiniyela be-AI bazodinga futhi ukuba nobuhlakani obumangalisayo ekubikezeleni izindlela isistimu engase iziphathe ngayo futhi bazame ukulindela ukwephulwa okungaba khona kwamazinga nezibopho zomphakathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunesidingo sezinhlaka zokulawula noma zokuphatha ezithembele ekucwaningweni kwamabhuku ezikhathini ezithile nasekucutshungulweni kwemiphumela nemikhiqizo ye-AI, nakuba ngikholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlaka kufanele futhi ziqaphele ukuthi abaklami bohlelo abanakuhlale benecala ngezigameko .
Cason Schmit, uprofesa osizayo wezempilo yomphakathi, e-Texas A&M University
Ukulawula ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kuyinkimbinkimbi . Ukushuna i-AI kahle, udinga kuqala defiNish AI futhi uqonde ubungozi obulindelwe kanye nezinzuzo ze-AI. DefiUkwenza ngokusemthethweni i-AI kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi yini engaphansi komthetho. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe be-AI busathuthuka, ngakho-ke kunzima defiqeda eyodwa defiincazelo yezomthetho ezinzile.
Ukuqonda ubungozi nezinzuzo ze-AI nakho kubalulekile. Ukulawula okuhle kufanele kukhuphule izinzuzo zomphakathi kuyilapho kunciphisa ubungozi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI zisavela, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwazi noma ukubikezela ukuthi zingaba yini ubungozi noma izinzuzo zesikhathi esizayo. Lezi zinhlobo zokungaziwa zenza ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo njenge-AI ngokwedlulele okunzima ukulawula ngemithetho nezimiso zendabuko.
Abenzi bomthetho ngokuvamile inensa kakhulu ukulungisa endaweni yezobuchwepheshe eshintsha ngokushesha. Umuntu imithetho emisha ziphelelwe yisikhathi ngesikhathi zikhishwa noma yenziwe isikhulu. Ngaphandle kwemithetho emisha, abalawuli kufanele basebenzise imithetho emidala ukubhekana izinkinga ezintsha . Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuholela izithiyo ezingokomthetho ngayinye izinzuzo zomphakathi o izintuba zomthetho ngayinye ukuziphatha okulimazayo .
I- "umthetho othambile ” ezinye izindlela zendabuko “zomthetho oqinile” ezihloselwe ukuvimbela ukwephulwa okuthile. Ngendlela yomthetho othambile, inhlangano yangasese iyasungula imithetho noma izindinganiso amalungu emboni. Lokhu kungashintsha ngokushesha kunomthetho wendabuko. Lokho kwenza imithetho ethambile ethembisayo kobuchwepheshe obusafufusa ngoba angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha kanye nezingozi. Nokho, Imithetho ethambile ingasho ukulandelwa okuthambile .
UMegan Doerr , UJennifer Wagner e io (Cason Schmit) siphakamisa indlela yesithathu: I-Copyleft AI ne-Trusted Enforcement (CAITE) . Le ndlela ihlanganisa imiqondo emibili ehluke kakhulu empahleni yengqondo: amalayisense copyleft e patent troll.
Amalayisensi copyleft ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kalula, uphinde usebenzise, noma uguqule okuqukethwe ngaphansi kwemibandela yelayisense, njengesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile. Imodeli CAITE sebenzisa amalayisensi copyleft ukudinga abasebenzisi be-AI ukuthi balandele imihlahlandlela ethile yokuziphatha, njengokuhlola okusobala komthelela wokuchema.
Kumodeli yethu, lawa malayisensi aphinde adlulisele ilungelo elisemthethweni lokuphoqelela ukwephulwa kwelayisensi kunkampani yangaphandle ethembekile. Lokhu kudala ibhizinisi eliphoqelelayo elikhona kuphela ukuze liphoqelele izindinganiso zokuziphatha ze-AI futhi elingaxhaswa ngokwengxenye ngezinhlawulo zokuziphatha okungenasimilo. Leli bhizinisi lifana ne-a patent troll njengoba iyimfihlo kunokuba ikahulumeni futhi izisekela yona ngokuphoqelela amalungelo empahla yengqondo ewaqoqayo kwabanye. Kulesi simo, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa inzuzo, inkampane isebenzisa imihlahlandlela yokuziphatha defingithole amalayisensi.
Le modeli iyavumelana nezimo futhi ivumelana nezimo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zendawo ehlala ishintsha ye-AI. Iphinde ivumele izinketho zokuphoqelela ezinkulu njengomlawuli kahulumeni wendabuko. Ngale ndlela, ihlanganisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zezindlela zomthetho eziqinile nezithambile zokubhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele ze-AI.
John Villasenor, uprofesa wobunjiniyela bakagesi, umthetho, inqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye nokuphathwa, eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles
le inqubekelaphambili yakamuva engajwayelekile ngokukhiqiza imodeli yolimi olukhulu i-AI ikhulisa isidingo sokudala umthethonqubo omusha oqondene ne-AI. Nansi imibuzo emine ebalulekile okufanele uzibuze yona:
Imiphumela eminingi engase ibe yinkinga yezinhlelo ze-AI isivele ixazululiwe yizinhlaka ezikhona. Uma i-algorithm ye-AI esetshenziswa yibhange ukuhlola izicelo zokubolekwa imali iholela ezinqumweni zokuboleka ezicwasa ngokwebala, izokwephula uMthetho Wezindlu Ezilungile. Uma isofthiwe ye-AI emotweni engashayeli idala ingozi, umthetho wesikweletu somkhiqizo uhlinzeka uhlaka lokuphishekela amakhambi .
Isibonelo esiyingqayizivele salokhu yi- Umthetho Wezokuxhumana Ezigciniwe , eyasungulwa ngo-1986 ukuze kubhekwane nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana bedijithali obasungulwa ngaleso sikhathi njenge-imeyili. Ekusebenzisani i-SCA, iCongress yanikeza ukuvikelwa kobumfihlo okungaphansi kakhulu kwama-imeyili amadala kunezinsuku eziyi-180.
Isizathu sasiwukuthi isitoreji esilinganiselwe sasisho ukuthi abantu babehlale behlanza amabhokisi abo okungenayo ngokususa imilayezo emidala ukuze kuvuleke emisha. Ngenxa yalokho, imilayezo efakwe kungobo yomlando izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-180 ithathwe njengebalulekile kangako ngokombono wobumfihlo. Akukacaci ukuthi lo mqondo wake waba nengqondo yini, futhi awuwenzi umqondo ngeminyaka yawo-20, lapho iningi lama-imeyili ethu nokunye ukuxhumana kwedijithali okufakwe kungobo yomlando kunezinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha ubudala.
Impendulo evamile ekukhathazeni mayelana nokulawula ubuchwepheshe ngokusekelwe kusifinyezo esisodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yilena: Uma umthetho noma isimiso siphelelwa yisikhathi, sibuyekeze. Kulula ukukusho kunokukwenza. Abantu abaningi bayavuma ukuthi i-SCA yaphelelwa yisikhathi emashumini eminyaka edlule. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uKhongolose awukwazanga ukuvumelana ngokuqondile ngokuthi ungabuyekeza kanjani ukunikezwa kwezinsuku eziyi-180, kusezincwadini ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yekhulu leminyaka ngemva kokumiswa kwawo.
Il Vumela Amazwe Nezisulu Ukulwa Nomthetho Wokushushumbiswa Kwezocansi Ku-inthanethi ka-2017 bekuwumthetho owashaywa ngo-2018 awubukezile Isigaba 230 weCommunications Decency Act ngenhloso yokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwabantu ngocansi. Nakuba buncane ubufakazi bokuthi unciphise ukushushumbiswa kocansi, uye waba ne umthelela oyinkinga kakhulu eqenjini elihlukile labantu: abathengisa ngomzimba abathembele kumawebhusayithi akhishwe ku-inthanethi yi-FOSTA-SESTA ukuze bacobelelane ngolwazi mayelana namakhasimende ayingozi. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukubaluleka kokubheka kabanzi imithelela engase ibe khona yemithetho ehlongozwayo.
Uma abalawuli e-US bethatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa inqubekela phambili ngamabomu ku-AI, kuzomane kuphushe ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha - kanye nomphumela wokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi - kwenye indawo. Ngenkathi i-AI evelayo iphakamisa ukukhathazeka okuningi, futhi ithembisa ukuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ezindaweni ezifana imiyalo , imithi , produzione , ukuphepha kwezokuthutha , ezolimo , ukubukwa meteorologiche , ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zomthetho futhi nokuningi.
Ngikholwa ukuthi imithetho ye-AI ebhalwe ngale mibuzo emine engenhla ingase ibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nokulimala okungenzeka kwe-AI kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezinzuzweni zayo.
Lesi sihloko sicashunwe mahhala ku-The Conversation, inhlangano ezimele yezindaba engenzi nzuzo ezinikele ekwabelaneni ngolwazi lochwepheshe bezemfundo.
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