Isilawuli se-antitrust sase-UK siphakamisa i-alamu ye-BigTech nge-GenAI

I-CMA yase-UK ikhiphe isexwayiso mayelana nokuziphatha kwe-Big Tech emakethe yezobunhloli bokwenziwa.

I-CMA “Isiphathimandla Sokuncintisana Nezimakethe” isiphathimandla sokuqondisa ukuncintisana sase-United Kingdom.

Isikhulu esiphezulu uSarah Cardel uzwakalise “ukukhathazeka kwangempela” mayelana nendlela umkhakha othuthuka ngayo.

Isikhathi sokufunda esilinganiselwe: 6 imizuzu

Idokhumenti ye-CMA

Kwi buyekeza idokhumenti kumamodeli ayisisekelo obuhlakani bokwenziwa ashicilelwe ngo-Ephreli 11, 2024, I-CMA uxwayise ngokukhula kokuxhumana nokugxilisa ingqondo phakathi konjiniyela emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe osezingeni eliphezulu obhekele ukuchuma kwamathuluzi e-AI akhiqizayo.

Idokhumenti ye I-CMA igcizelela ubukhona obuphindayo be -Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta e Apple (aka IGAMA) kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani lokukhiqizaubuhlakani bokufakelwa: Ukucubungula, Idatha, Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemodeli, Ubambiswano, Ukukhishwa kanye Nezinkundla Zokusabalalisa. Futhi nakuba umlawuli ephinde wagcizelela ukuthi uyaqaphela ukuthi izivumelwano zobambiswano “zingadlala indima yokuncintisana ku-ecosystem yezobuchwepheshe”, kuhlanganise lokhu nesexwayiso sokuthi “ubambiswano olunamandla nezinkampani ezididiyelwe” zingabeka izingozi emqhudelwaneni ophambene ukuvulwa kwezimakethe.

"Sikhathazekile ngokuthi umkhakha uthuthuka ngendlela ebeka engcupheni imiphumela emibi emakethe," kubhala i-CMA, ibhekisa ohlotsheni lobuhlakani bokwenziwa obuthuthukiswe ngenani elikhulu ledatha namandla ekhompyutha futhi obungasetshenziswa ukusekela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. kwezicelo.

“Ikakhulukazi, ukukhula okukhulayo ochungechungeni lwenani elincane lezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezihamba phambili, esezivele zinezikhundla zamandla emakethe ezimakethe eziningi zedijithali, kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimakethe ngokulimala kobulungisa, ukuncintisana okungenzeleli, futhi kulimaze amabhizinisi nabathengi. , isibonelo ngokunciphisa ukukhetha, izinga kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani entengo,” waxwayisa.

Isibuyekezo se-CMA sangaphambilini

NgoMeyi odlule (2023) i-CMA yenze ukubuyekezwa kokuqala kwemakethe ye-AI esezingeni eliphezulu futhi yaqhubeka nokushicilela isethi yemigomo yokuthuthukiswa “okunomthwalo wemfanelo” we-AI ekhiqizayo.

Idokhumenti yokubuyekeza igqamisa ijubane elididayo loshintsho emakethe. Ngokwesibonelo, wabika a ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-UK Internet regulator, Ofcom, okuthole ukuthi i-31% yabantu abadala kanye ne-79% yabaneminyaka engu-13-17 ubudala e-UK basebenzise ithuluzi elikhiqizayo le-AI, njenge I-ChatGPT, Snapchat I-AI yami noma Ingxoxo ye-Bing (eyaziwa nangokuthi I-Copilot). Ngakho-ke kunezimpawu zokuthi i I-CMA ibuyekeza isikhundla sayo sokuqala emakethe ye-GenAI.

Umbhalo wawo wokubuyekeza ukhomba “izingozi ezintathu ezibalulekile ezixhumene emqhudelwaneni ongenzeleli, osebenzayo novulekile”:

• Izinkampani ezilawula “okungenayo okubalulekile” ekuthuthukisweni kwamamodeli ayisisekelo (aziwa ngokuthi amamodeli e-AI), okungawavumela ukuba akhawulele ukufinyelela futhi akhe umgoqo omelene nokuncintisana;
• ikhono leziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukisa izikhundla eziphezulu ezimakethe ezibhekene nabathengi noma ezibhekene nebhizinisi ukuze kuhlanekezelwe ukukhetha kwezinsizakalo ze-GenAI futhi kukhawulelwe ukuncintisana ekusetshenzisweni kwalawa mathuluzi;
• ubambiswano olubandakanya abadlali ababalulekile, i-CMA ethi “bangandisa izimo ezikhona zamandla ezimakethe kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani”.

I-CMA izongenelela kanjani ekugcineni kwemakethe ye-AI?

Ayinazo izinyathelo ezibambekayo zokumemezela okwamanje, kodwa uCardell uthe uqapha eduze ubudlelwano be-GAMMA, futhi uyakhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwayo kokubuyekezwa kokuhlanganiswa kwezinkampani, ukuze abone ukuthi noma yiziphi zalezi zivumelwano azihambisani nemithetho yamanje.

Lokhu kuzovula amandla ophenyo asemthethweni kanye nekhono lokuvimba ukuxhumana okuthathwa njengokuphikisana nokuncintisana. Kodwa okwamanje I-CMA akufikanga kangako, naphezu kokukhathazeka okucacile nokukhulayo mayelana nezibopho eziseduze ze-GAMMA GenAI. Ukubuyekezwa kokuxhumana phakathi I-OpenAI e Microsoft , ngokwesibonelo, ukunquma ukuthi ingabe ubambiswano luhlanganisa "isimo sokuhlanganisa esifanele."

"Ezinye zalezi zivumelwano ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi azibonakali kahle, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka singabi nolwazi olwanele lokuhlola kahle lokhu kuhlanganisa." “Kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye izivumelwano eziwela ngaphandle kwemithetho yokuhlanganisa ziyinkinga, noma ngabe zingenile defiizindaba ezingeke zixazululwe ngokulawula ukuhlanganisa. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi zakhelwe ukuzama ukugwema ukucutshungulwa okuqinile kwemithetho yokuhlanganisa. Ngokunjalo, ezinye izivumelwano zingase zingabangeli ukukhathazeka ngokuncintisana."

"Ngokuqinisa ukubuyekezwa kwethu kokuhlanganiswa, sithemba ukuthola ukucaciseleka okwengeziwe ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zobambiswano nezinhlelo ezingase ziwele ngaphansi kwemithetho yokuhlanganisa futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo ukukhathazeka kokuncintisana kungase kuphakame - futhi lokho kucaca kuzozuzisa amabhizinisi ngokwawo," wanezela. .

Izinto Ezikhombisayo

Umbiko wesibuyekezo se-CMA defiiqeda “izici eziyinkomba”, ngokusho kukaCardell ezingadala ukukhathazeka okukhulu nokunaka kubambisene be-FM, njengamandla akhuphukayo abalingani, uma kuqhathaniswa nemibono ye-AI; kanye namandla angaphansi komfula, eziteshini zokusabalalisa. Iphinde yathi i-watchdog izohlola ngokucophelela uhlobo lobambiswano kanye nezinga "lokuthonya nokugqugquzela" phakathi kwabalingani.

Khonamanjalo, umlawuli wase-UK ukhuthaza izikhondlakhondla ze-AI ukuthi zilandele imigomo eyisikhombisa yentuthuko eyasungulwa ekwindla edlule ukuze iqondise intuthuko yemakethe kumathrekhi aqotho lapho ukuncintisana nokuvikelwa kwabathengi kungena khona. ukufinyelela, ukwehlukahlukana, ukukhetha, ukuguquguquka, ukungakhethi kanye nokungafihli).

"Sizibophezele ekusebenziseni izimiso esizenzile nokusebenzisa wonke amandla omthetho esinawo - manje nasesikhathini esizayo - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe obushintshayo nobubucayi besakhiwo bufeza isithembiso sabo," kusho uCardell esitatimendeni.

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