I-Neuralink ifake ukufakelwa kobuchopho kokuqala kumuntu: yiziphi izinguquko...

Inkampani ka-Elon Musk, I-Neuralink, ngesonto eledlule etshaliwe i-chip yokuqala ebuchosheni bomuntu.

Ukufakelwa kwe-brain-computer interface (BCI) kwafakwa irobhothi ngokuhlinzwa endaweni yobuchopho elawula inhloso yokunyakaza.

Lo PRIME isifundo, Pinqanyuliwe Rnge-obotically Imkutshalwe i-Brain-Computer Interfacee, ibandakanya ukuhlolwa kwemishini yezokwelapha ye-BCI ye I-Neuralink.

Isikhathi sokufunda esilinganiselwe: 4 imizuzu

Inkampani iphawule ukuthi izintambo zokufakelwa ezacile kakhulu zidlulisela amasignali ebuchosheni. Eposini eliku-X, uMusk wengeze wathi: "Imiphumela yokuqala ikhombisa ukutholwa kwe-neuronal spike ethembisayo." Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isigxivizo sathola izimpawu zethonya likagesi elidalwa amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni.

Idizayinelwe ukutolika umsebenzi we-Neural

Ngenkathi sinxenxa amavolontiya kulesi sikhungo, I-Neuralink uye wachaza ukuthi “idivayisi yakhelwe ukuhumusha umsebenzi wemizwa yomuntu, ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha noma i-smartphone ngenhloso nje yokuhamba, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo noma ukunyakaza komzimba”. Isilingo samanje sezokwelapha sisebenzisa i-BCI engenantambo ukuhlola ukuphepha kwenqubo yokuhlinzwa yerobhothi kanye nokusebenzisana kokufakelwa nezicubu zebhayoloji ezikuzungezile.

Izici Zohlelo

Isitshalo I-Neuralink isebenzisa izinaliti ezincane ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Inkampani uye wachaza ukuthi “isihloko singama-microns angu-10 kuya kwangu-12 ububanzi, sikhulu kancane kunobubanzi bengqamuzana elibomvu legazi. Usayizi omncane uvumela izintambo ukuba zifakwe ngaphandle kokulimala okuncane ku-cortex [yobuchopho]. I-implant ihlanganisa ama-electrode angu-1024 asatshalaliswa phezu kwezintambo ezingu-64 kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lomsebenzisi I-Neuralink ixhuma ngokungenantambo kukhompuyutha. I iwebhusayithi yenkampani ithi: “Ukufakelwa kwe-N1 kunikwa amandla ibhethri elincane elishajwa ngaphandle kwentambo ngeshaja ehlangene, engenisa amandla evumela ukusetshenziswa kalula noma yikuphi.”

Lesi sinyathelo se-BCI asisisha. Ngo-2021, iqembu laseStanford University labeka izinzwa ezimbili ezincane ngaphansi ubuso bobuchopho womuntu ofe uhlangothi ngezansi kwentamo. Amasignali emizwa adluliswa ngezintambo aye kukhompuyutha, lapho ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa ayewahlukanisa futhi ahumushe ukunyakaza okuhlosiwe kwesandla neminwe.

I-FDA kumadivayisi e-BCI emkhakheni wezokwelapha

Ngo-2021, i-United States Food & Drug Administration yakhipha i-a umbhalo ngesithembiso sezokwelapha semishini ye-BCI futhi yaphawula ukuthi: “Imishini ye-BCI etshaliwe inamandla okuzuzisa abantu abakhubazeke kakhulu ngokwandisa ikhono labo lokusebenzelana nendawo ezungezile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inikeze ukuzimela okusha ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.”

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhulisa umzimba womuntu ngezinto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe kunganikeza amathuba angcono okusinda ohambweni olude emkhathini ophakathi kwezinkanyezi. Umqondo womuntu othuthukisiwe ngokwe-cybernetically waqanjwa uManfred Clynes kanye noNathan Kline njenge-“cyborg” esihlokweni sango-1960 esinesihloko esithi “Cyborg nendawo".

Kodwa njenganoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusha, kukhona nezingozi. Amandla okuhumusha imicabango esenzweni iletha phambili ithuba lokufunda imicabango ngengosi efanayo. Ngezinsuku ezingaboni emehlweni esikhathini esizayo esikude, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-BCI lungadalula lokho okucatshangwa uzakwethu ngaphandle kokusho lutho. Lokhu kubeka obala okungakaze kubonwe kungaba nemiphumela ebingahlosiwe.

Imithelela Yezomthetho

Kukhona nemiphumela ebanzi yezomthetho. Ake sithi UMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwezwe thola ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-BCI ukuthi ezinye izivakashi noma izakhamuzi zibonisa imicabango enobutha maqondana nezwe elivakashelwe. Ingabe abezokuphepha bebengathethelelwa ngokomthetho ukuba bashushise noma babophe laba bantu uma becabanga ukwenza ubugebengu ngaphambi kokuba imicabango yabo yenziwe?

I concetto di "kucabanga amaphoyisa” kuvezwe encwadini kaGeorge Orwell ethi “1984” njengophawu lokulawula okukhulu nokuhlanganisa konke uhulumeni angaba nakho phezu kwezakhamuzi zakhe. Ikhono lokufunda izingqondo zabantu lingasondeza lo mbono eqinisweni.

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