Iyini i-ICT Governance, imihlahlandlela yokuphatha ngempumelelo nangempumelelo kwe-Information Technology enhlanganweni yakho

Ukuphathwa kwe-ICT kuyingxenye yokuphathwa kwebhizinisi okuhloswe ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubungozi bayo be-IT bulawulwa ngempumelelo nangokuhambisana nezinjongo zebhizinisi zizonke. 

Isikhathi sokufunda esilinganiselwe: 8 imizuzu

Izinhlangano zingaphansi kwezidingo eziningi zomthetho nezokulawula ezilawula ukuvikelwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo, isibopho sezezimali, ukugcinwa kwedatha, nokutholwa kwezinhlekelele emhlabeni jikelele. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi zinendawo eqinile ye-ICT yabanikazi bamasheya, ababambiqhaza namakhasimende. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano zihlangabezana nezidingo ezifanele zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, izinhlangano zingasebenzisa uhlelo olusemthethweni lokuphatha lwe-ICT oluhlinzeka ngohlaka lwezinqubo nokulawula okungcono kakhulu.

Defiulwazi mayelana nokuPhathwa kwe-ICT

Kuneziningana defiEzokuphatha kwe-ICT, ake sibone ezinye zazo:

• UNESCO: Isethi ehlukahlukene yamathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe nezinsiza ezisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa, ukugcina, ukudala, ukwabelana noma ukushintshisana ngolwazi. Amathuluzi anjalo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsiza zifaka amakhompyutha, i-inthanethi (amawebhusayithi, amabhulogi, nama-imeyili), ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza bukhoma (umsakazo, umabonakude, nokusakaza ngewebhu), ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza okurekhodiwe (i-podcasting, izidlali zomsindo nevidiyo, kanye namathuluzi okugcina), kanye nefoni ( fixed noma iselula, isathelayithi, inkomfa ngevidiyo/ngevidiyo, njll.).
• I-Gartner: Izinqubo eziqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo nangempumelelo kwe-IT ukuze inhlangano ikwazi ukufeza izinhloso zayo. I-IT Demand Governance (ITDG, noma lokho i-IT okufanele isebenze kukho) inqubo izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ngayo ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo, ukukhetha, defiukubeka eqhulwini kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhudelanayo kwe-IT; qaphela ukuqaliswa kwazo; futhi kukhishwe izinzuzo zebhizinisi (ezilinganisekayo). I-ITDG iwuhlelo lokuthatha izinqumo nokugadwa kwebhizinisi lokutshala izimali futhi iyisibopho sokuphatha ibhizinisi. I-IT Supply-side governance (ITSG, indlela i-IT okufanele yenze lokho ekwenzayo) iphathelene nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlangano ye-IT isebenza ngempumelelo, ngempumelelo nangokuthobelana, futhi iwumthwalo ngokuyinhloko we-CIO.
• Wikipedia: Nge Uhulumeni we-IT, noma ngokulinganayo ngendlela yesiNgisi Ukubusa kwe-IT, leyo ngxenye yobubanzi iqondiswe ukubusa kwezinkampani ophethe ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo ICT enkampanini. Umbono we Ukubusa kwe-IT ihloselwe ukuphatha ubungozi be-IT kanye nokuqondanisa amasistimu nezinjongo zomsebenzi. Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi sekuthuthuke kakhulu kulandela intuthuko yakamuva yokulawula e-USA (Sarbanes-OxleynaseYurophu (Basel II) okuphinde kwaba nemiphumela emikhulu ekuphathweni kwezinhlelo zolwazi. Umsebenzi wokuhlaziya lezi zinhloso ezilandelwa ngawo yiUkucwaningwa kwe-IT (Ukubuyekezwa kwe-IT).

Inyuvesi yaseNottingham

Isikole esineziqu zaseNyuvesi yaseNottingham sishicilele ucwaningo ngokuphathwa kwe-ICT lapho a defikanye nohlaka oluqondile, futhi olusiza ukuqonda. Ukubusa kwe-ICT kuyeza defiiphethe kanje: “cacisa amalungelo ezinqumo kanye nohlaka lokuziphendulela ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuziphatha okufiselekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-IT. Ubunkimbinkimbi nobunzima bokuchaza ukuphathwa kwe-IT kungenye yezithiyo ezingathi sína zokuthuthukisa”.

Lolu cwaningo luchaza uhlaka lokusebenza lokubusa kwe-ICT:

Uhlaka luhlinzeka ngeqoqo lamathuluzi, izinqubo kanye nezindlela ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-IT kusekela izinhloso zebhizinisi. 

Imithetho Neziqondiso

Isidingo se-IT esemthethweni kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha izinkampani ezinhlanganweni sigqugquzelwe ukushaywa kwemithetho neziqondiso, emhlabeni wonke.

Ake sibone izibonelo ezithile:

I-Negli Stati Uniti

il I-Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLBA) futhi i I-Sarbanes-Oxley Act , ngawo-1990 nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Le mithetho yavela ngemva kwamacala ambalwa aphakeme okukhwabanisa nokukhohlisa kwezinkampani;

GDPR eYurophu

I-GDPRI-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ingumthetho waseYurophu wokuvikela idatha. I-EU Data Protection Directive 1995 kanye nayo yonke eminye imithetho yezwe elingamalungu esekelwe kuyo, okuhlanganisa ne-UK DPA (Data Protection Act) 1998, ithathelwe indawo yi-GDPR. Imithetho neziqondiso yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezenzo zomthetho ezisetshenziswa yizifunda ze-EU. Imithethonqubo isebenza ngokuqondile kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU futhi iyabophezela. Iziqondiso, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyizivumelwano ngezinjongo amazwe angamalungu okufanele azifinyelele ngomthetho kazwelonke.

Inkosi IV eNingizimu Afrika

Inkosi IV, kuvela embonweni wokubusa okuhle kwebhizinisi okuvela ekuboneni ukuthi izinhlangano ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi, ngakho-ke, izinhlangano zibophezelekile kunoma yimuphi umbambiqhaza wamanje noma wesikhathi esizayo. Lolu hlaka lwethula uhlelo “lokusebenzisa futhi uchaze” olutusa ukuba izinto zibe obala ezinhlanganweni lapho zisebenzisa izinqubo zazo zokuphatha ngokubambisana.

I-ITIL

I-ITIL: I-Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) wuhlaka oluqondanisa izinsiza ze-IT nezidingo zebhizinisi. Lolu hlaka luchaza kabanzi imisebenzi, izinqubo kanye nezinhla zokuhlola ezingaqondile enkampanini kodwa ezingaba yingxenye yesu lesu lenhlangano lokugcina ikhono. Uhlaka lungasetshenziswa ukukhombisa ukuhambisana nokulinganisa ukuthuthukiswa ngaphakathi kwenkampani.

I-COBIT

I-COBIT: isifinyezo Sezinjongo Zokulawula Zolwazi Nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-COBIT iwuhlaka oludalwe yi-Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) Yokuphathwa Kwezobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye Nokuphathwa Kwe-IT. Uhlaka lugqamisa futhi defiiqeda inqubo ejwayelekile yezinqubo Zokuphathwa Kwe-IT, izinhloso kanye nemiphumela yazo, izinqubo ezibalulekile kanye neziNjongo. Uhlaka lukala ukusebenza nokuvuthwa kusetshenziswa i-Capability Maturity Model (CMM), okuyithuluzi lokufunda idatha eqoqwe izinhlangano ezinenkontileka eMbuthweni Wezokuvikela wase-US.

ICOSO

imodeli yokuhlola izilawuli zangaphakathi ivela eKomidini Lezinhlangano Ezixhasayo leKhomishana Yezindlela Zokuziphatha (COSO). I-COSO igxile kakhulu ku-IT kunezinye izinhlaka, igxile kakhulu ezicini zebhizinisi ezifana nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele zebhizinisi (ERM) nokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa.

I-CMMI

I-CMMI : Indlela yokuhlanganisa i-Capability Maturity Model, eyakhiwe yi-Software Engineering Institute, iyindlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Indlela isebenzisa isikali sika-1 kuya ku-5 ukukala izinga lokuvuthwa lokusebenza kwenhlangano, ikhwalithi kanye nenzuzo. 

ANO

ANO : Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Zobungozi Bolwazi ( ANO ) imodeli entsha uma kuqhathaniswa esiza izinhlangano ukuthi zilinganise ubungozi. Kugxilwe ekuvikelekeni ku-inthanethi kanye nobungozi bokusebenza, ngenhloso yokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Yize iyintsha kunezinye izinhlaka ezishiwo lapha, iCalatayud iveza ukuthi isizuze lukhulu ngezinkampani zeFortune 500.

Ngokuyinhloko

Empeleni, ukuphatha kwe-IT kunikeza uhlaka lokuqondanisa isu le-IT nesu lebhizinisi. Ngokulandela uhlaka olusemthethweni, izinhlangano zingakhiqiza imiphumela elinganisekayo ekufezeni amasu nezinjongo zazo. Uhlelo olusemthethweni luphinde lubhekelele izintshisekelo zababambe iqhaza, kanye nezidingo zabasebenzi kanye nezinqubo abazilandelayo. Emfanekisweni omkhulu, ukuphatha kwe-IT kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwebhizinisi kukonke.

Izinhlangano namuhla zingaphansi kwemithetho eminingi elawula ukuvikelwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo, isikweletu sezezimali, ukugcinwa kwedatha, nokutholwa kwezinhlekelele, phakathi kokunye. 

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ziyahlangatshezwa, izinhlangano eziningi zisebenzisa uhlelo olusemthethweni lokuphatha i-IT oluhlinzeka ngohlaka lwezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu nezilawulayo.

Indlela elula ukuqala ngohlaka olwakhiwe ngochwepheshe bemboni futhi olusetshenziswa izinkulungwane zezinhlangano. Izinhlaka eziningi zihlanganisa imihlahlandlela yokusebenzisa ukusiza izinhlangano zingene ohlelweni lokuphatha lwe-IT olunezingqinamba ezimbalwa. Isigaba sangaphambilini sibonisa ezinye izinhlaka ezinezixhumanisi ezihlobene.

Ukufundwa Okuhlobene

• Izindlela ezintsha ze-Thales zokuphatha ukhiye we-cryptographic zisiza izinhlangano ukuthi zizuze ubukhosi bedijithali ezindaweni ezixubile nezinamafu amaningi
• I-PNRR: indima yesihlanganisi sesistimu ukuqala ushintsho
• Ubuchwepheshe be-ICT kwezolimo: biza iziphakamiso zezinhlelo ze-agri-food esobala nedijithali
• I-TERNA IZIQINISEKISA PHEZULU KOKUZINDLA E-ITALY NASEMHLABENI
• Ukulingana ngokobulili kanye namakhono e-ESG: Amathuba Ezinkampani Eziqhudelanayo

Ercole Palmeri