Uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa (i-SPA) uhlelo lokusebenza lewebhu elethulwa kumsebenzisi ngekhasi elilodwa le-HTML ukuze liphendule futhi liphindaphinde ngokuseduze uhlelo lokusebenza lwedeskithophu noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko.
I-SPA iza ngezinye izikhathi defiisixhumi esibonakalayo sekhasi elilodwa (SPI).
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa lungalanda yonke i-HTML, i-JavaScript, ne-CSS yohlelo lokusebenza ngesikhathi sokulayisha kokuqala, noma lungalayisha ngamandla izinsiza ukuze zibuyekezwe ekuphenduleni ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi noma eminye imicimbi.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, zethula umsebenzisi ikhasi lasekhaya elixhunywe ezingxenyeni zohlelo lokusebenza emakhasini ahlukene e-HTML, okusho ukuthi umsebenzisi kufanele alinde ikhasi elisha ukuthi lilayishe isikhathi ngasinye lapho enza isicelo esisha.
Ubuchwepheshe
Ama-SPA asebenzisa i-HTML5 ne-Ajax (i-JavaScript engavumelanisi ne-XML) ukuze anike amandla izimpendulo eziwuketshezi neziguquguqukayo ezicelweni zabasebenzisi, okuvumela okuqukethwe ukuthi kubuyekezwe ngokushesha lapho umsebenzisi enza isenzo. Uma ikhasi selilayishiwe, ukusebenzisana neseva kwenzeka ngezingcingo ze-Ajax futhi idatha ibuyiselwa, itholwe ngefomethi ye-JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), ukuze kuqalwe kabusha ikhasi ngaphandle kokudinga ukulayishwa kabusha.
I-SPA ngokuningiliziwe
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa ziphawuleka ngekhono lazo lokuklama kabusha noma iyiphi ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kubonwa ngaphandle kokudinga uhambo oluya nokubuya lweseva ukuze ulande i-HTML. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuhlukanisa idatha kusuka kuphrezentheshini yedatha ngesendlalelo semodeli elawula idatha nesendlalelo sokubuka esifundwa kumamodeli.
Ikhodi enhle ivela ekuxazululeni inkinga efanayo izikhathi eziningi, noma ukuyihlanganisa kabusha. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo iguqukela emaphethini aphindaphindayo, ngomshini owodwa owenza into efanayo ngokungaguquki.
Ukuze ubhale ikhodi egcinekayo, udinga ukubhala ikhodi ngendlela elula. Lona wumshikashika oqhubekayo, empeleni kulula ukwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi (ama-entlances/dependents) ngokubhala ikhodi ukuxazulula inkinga; futhi kulula ukuxazulula inkinga ngendlela enganciphisi ubunkimbinkimbi.
Izikhala zamagama ziyisibonelo salokhu.
I-Single Page Applications (SPA) Izicelo Zekhasi Eliningi (MPA) ziqhathaniswa
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamakhasi amaningi (ama-MPA) ziqukethe amakhasi amaningi anedatha emile nezixhumanisi kwamanye amasayithi. I-HTML ne-CSS ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obusetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa amawebhusayithi e-MPA. Bangasebenzisa i-JavaScript ukuze behlise umthwalo futhi bakhuphule isivinini. Izinhlangano ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene, njengezitolo eziku-inthanethi, kufanele zicabange ukusebenzisa i-MPA njengoba zenza kube lula ukuxhuma kusizindalwazi esihlukile sabasebenzisi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa ziyahluka ezinhlelweni ezinamakhasi amaningi ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Inqubo yentuthuko: Uma udala ama-MPA, awudingi ubuchwepheshe be-JavaScript, ngokungafani nama-SPA. Nokho, ukuhlangana kwezindawo ezingaphambili nezingemuva kuma-MPA kusho ukuthi lezi zindawo zidinga izikhathi ezinde uma kuqhathaniswa nama-SPA.
- isivinini: Ama-MPA asebenza kancane, adinga ukuthi ikhasi ngalinye elisha lilayishwe kusukela ekuqaleni. Nokho, ama-SPA alayisha ngokushesha ngemva kokulanda kokuqala njengoba egcina idatha ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva.
- Ukuthuthukisa Injini Yokusesha: Izinjini zokusesha zingakhomba kalula amawebhusayithi nge-MPA. Ama-MPA anamakhasi amaningi akhaswe izinjini zokusesha ukuze akhiqize amazinga angcono we-SEO. Okuqukethwe kwekhasi ngalinye nakho kumile, okulenza lifinyeleleke kalula. Ngokuphambene, ama-SPA anekhasi eline-URL eyodwa eyingqayizivele (Uniform Resource Locator). Baphinde basebenzise i-JavaScript, engakhonjwa kahle yizinjini zokusesha eziningi. Lokhu kwenza amazinga e-SEO ama-SPA abe inselele kakhulu.
- ukuvikeleka: Ku-MPA, udinga ukuvikela ikhasi ngalinye eliku-inthanethi ngawodwana. Kodwa-ke, ama-SPA athambekele kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwabaduni. Kodwa ngendlela efanele, amaqembu okuthuthukisa angathuthukisa ukuphepha kohlelo lokusebenza.
Njengoba amabhizinisi engeziwe ethutha ukuze asebenzise ama-SPA, iziseshi nezinjini zokusesha zizoshintsha ukuze zikhombe kangcono. Uma kubhekwa isivinini sawo, umbuzo kuphela wokuthi ama-SPA azoba nini inketho yokuthuthukiswa kwesicelo sewebhu. Bese izinzuzo ze-MPA ngaphezu kwe-SPA zizoqala ukufiphala.
Uzisebenzisa nini izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa?
Kunezimo ezinhlanu lapho izicelo ezinjalo zibaluleke kakhulu:
- Abasebenzisi abafuna ukuthuthukisa iwebhusayithi enenkundla enamandla namavolumu edatha aphansi bangasebenzisa ama-SPA.
- Abasebenzisi abahlela ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lewebhusayithi yabo bangacabanga nokusebenzisa i-SPA. Bangasebenzisa i-backend API (I-Application Programming Interface) yesayithi kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lweselula.
- Izakhiwo ze-SPA zifanele ukwakha amanethiwekhi omphakathi njenge-Facebook, amapulatifomu e-SaaS nemiphakathi evaliwe njengoba idinga i-SEO encane.
- Abasebenzisi abafuna ukunikeza abathengi babo ukusebenzisana okungenazihibe kufanele futhi basebenzise ama-SPA. Abathengi bangakwazi futhi ukufinyelela izibuyekezo ezibukhoma zedatha yokusakaza bukhoma namagrafu.
- Abasebenzisi abafuna ukuletha ukuzizwisa komsebenzisi okungaguquki, komdabu, nokuguquguqukayo kuwo wonke amadivayisi, amasistimu okusebenza, neziphequluli.
Iqembu elihle kufanele libe nesabelomali, amathuluzi kanye nesikhathi sokwenza uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa lekhwalithi ephezulu. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa i-SPA ethembekile nesebenza kahle engatholi isikhathi sokuphumula esihlobene nethrafikhi.
Isakhiwo sohlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa zisebenzisana nezivakashi ngokulayisha nokusebenza ekhasini lamanje, okuqeda isidingo sokulayisha amakhasi ewebhu amaningi kusuka kuseva.
Amawebhusayithi ane-SPA aqukethe isixhumanisi esisodwa se-URL. Okuqukethwe kuyalandwa futhi izingxenye ezithile zokusetshenziswa kubonwa (i-UI) ziyabuyekezwa lapho kuchofozwa. Umuzwa womsebenzisi uyathuthukiswa njengoba umsebenzisi ekwazi ukusebenzisana nekhasi lamanje njengoba kulanda okuqukethwe okusha kuseva. Uma ukuvuselela kwenzeka, izingxenye zekhasi lamanje zibuyekezwa ngokuqukethwe okusha.
Isicelo sokuqala seklayenti ku-SPA silayisha uhlelo lokusebenza nazo zonke izimpahla zalo ezifanele, njenge-HTML, i-CSS ne-JavaScript. Ifayela lokuqala lokulayisha lingase libe elibalulekile ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi libangele isikhathi sokulayisha esihamba kancane. I-application programming interface (API) ilanda idatha entsha njengoba umsebenzisi ezulazula nge-SPA. iseva iphendula kuphela ngedatha ngefomethi ye-JSON (JavaScript Object Notation). Lapho sithola le datha, isiphequluli sivuselela ukubuka kohlelo lokusebenza olubonwa umsebenzisi ngaphandle kokulayisha kabusha ikhasi.
Isakhiwo sohlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokunikezela ohlangothini lweseva kanye nohlangothi lweklayenti. Isayithi liyaboniswa futhi lethulwa kumsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa i-Client Side Rendering (CSR), i-Server Side Rendering (SSR), noma i-Static Site Generator (SSG).
- I-Client Side Rendering (CSR)
Ngokunikezwa kohlangothi lweklayenti, isiphequluli senza isicelo kuseva sefayela le-HTML futhi sithola ifayela le-HTML eliyisisekelo elinemibhalo nezitayela ezinamathiselwe. Ngenkathi esebenzisa i-JavaScript, umsebenzisi ubona ikhasi elingenalutho noma isithombe sesilayishi. I-SPA ilanda idatha, ikhiqize okubonwayo, futhi iphushele idatha ku-Document Object Model (DOM). I-SPA ibe isilungiselelwa ukusetshenziswa. I-CSR ivamise ukuba yinde kunazo zonke kwezinye izindlela ezintathu futhi kwesinye isikhathi ingahlula isiphequluli ngenxa yokusebenzisa kakhulu izinsiza zedivayisi lapho ubuka okuqukethwe. Ukwengeza, i-CSR iyindlela enhle yamawebhusayithi anethrafikhi ephezulu njengoba yethula ulwazi kubathengi ngaphandle kokuxhumana kweseva ngokweqile, okuholela ekuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi okusheshayo.
- I-Server Side Rendering (SSR)
Ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kohlangothi lweseva, iziphequluli zicela ifayela le-HTML kuseva, elilanda idatha eceliwe, linikeze i-SPA, futhi lidale ifayela le-HTML lohlelo lokusebenza usohambeni. Izinto ezifinyelelekayo zibese zethulwa kumsebenzisi. Isakhiwo se-SPA siyadingeka ukuze unamathisele imicimbi, ukhiqize i-DOM ebonakalayo futhi wenze imisebenzi eyengeziwe. I-SPA ibe isilungiselelwa ukusetshenziswa. I-SSR yenza uhlelo lusheshe njengoba luhlanganisa isivinini se-SPA nokungalayishi kakhulu isiphequluli somsebenzisi.
- I-Static Site Generator (SSG)
Ngaphakathi komakhi wesayithi elimile, iziphequluli ngokushesha zenza isicelo kuseva sefayela le-HTML. Ikhasi liboniswa kumsebenzisi. I-SPA ilanda idatha, ikhiqize ukubuka, futhi igcwalise imodeli yento yedokhumenti (DOM). Bese, i-SPA isilungele ukusetshenziswa. Isuka egameni, ama-SSG afaneleka kakhulu amakhasi amile. Banikeza amakhasi amile ngenketho enhle futhi esheshayo. Kumawebhusayithi anokuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo, abasebenzisi bayelulekwa ukuthi bakhethe enye yezinketho ezimbili zokunikeza ulwazi.
Izinzuzo zezicelo zekhasi elilodwa
Izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Meta, i-YouTube kanye ne-Netflix zisukile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinamakhasi amaningi zaya kwezekhasi elilodwa. Ama-SPA ahlinzeka ngolwazi lomsebenzisi olushelelayo, ukusebenza okuphezulu nokusabela. Ngezansi kunezinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa.
- Isici sokulondoloza inqolobane
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa lenza isicelo esisodwa kuseva ekulandeni kokuqala futhi lilondoloza noma iyiphi idatha eliyitholayo. Abathengi bangasebenzisa idatha etholiwe ukuze basebenze ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi uma kudingeka okwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi njengoba kubavumela ukuthi basebenzise izinsiza zedatha encane. Futhi, uma iklayenti linoxhumano lwe-inthanethi olubi, idatha yasendaweni ingavunyelaniswa neseva uma uxhumano lwe-LAN luvumela.
- Iyashesha futhi iyaphendula
Ukusebenzisa ama-SPA kungathuthukisa isivinini sewebhusayithi njengoba kuvuselela okuqukethwe okuceliwe kuphela esikhundleni sokuvuselela lonke ikhasi. Ama-SPA alayisha ifayela elincane le-JSON kunekhasi elisha. Ifayela le-JSON liqinisekisa isivinini sokulayisha esisheshayo nokusebenza kahle. Iholela ekufinyeleleni ngokushesha kuzo zonke izici nemisebenzi yekhasi ngaphandle kokubambezeleka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa okukhulu, njengoba isikhathi sokulayisha sewebhusayithi singathinta kakhulu imali engenayo nokuthengisa.
Ama-SPA avumela izinguquko ezishelelayo ngokunikeza lonke ulwazi ekhasini ngokushesha. Iwebhusayithi ayidingi ukubuyekezwa, ngakho-ke izinqubo zayo zisebenza kahle kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ze-inthanethi.
Futhi, ngama-SPA, amafa afana ne-HTML, i-CSS, nemibhalo Java zizolandwa kanye kuphela empilweni yohlelo lokusebenza. Idatha edingekayo kuphela eshintshaniswa emuva naphambili.
Amakhasi ane-SPA avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazulazule ngokushesha ngenxa yokugcinwa kwesikhashana kanye namavolumu edatha ancishisiwe. Idatha edingekayo kuphela idluliselwa emuva naphambili futhi izingxenye ezingekho zokuqukethwe okubuyekeziwe kuphela ezilandiwe.
- Ukulungisa iphutha nge-Chrome
Ukulungisa iphutha kuthola futhi kususa iziphazamisi, amaphutha, kanye nokuba sengozini kokuvikeleka kohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu okunciphisa ukusebenza. Ukulungisa ama-SPAs kwenziwa lula ngamathuluzi kanjiniyela we-Chrome. Onjiniyela bangakwazi ukulawula ukunikezwa kwekhodi ye-JS esipheqululini, balungise ama-SPA ngaphandle kokuhlunga imigqa eminingi yekhodi.
Ama-SPA akhiwe phezu kwezinhlaka ze-JavaScript ezifana ne-AngularJS kanye namathuluzi kanjiniyela we-React, okuwenza kube lula ukuwalungisa usebenzisa iziphequluli ze-Chrome.
Amathuluzi onjiniyela avumela onjiniyela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi isiphequluli sizoyicela kanjani idatha kumaseva, siyigcine kunqolobane, nokuthi sizoyibonisa kanjani izici zekhasi. Ukwengeza, lawa mathuluzi avumela onjiniyela ukuthi baqaphe futhi bahlaziye izici zekhasi, ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi, nedatha ehlotshaniswayo.
- Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo
Phakathi nenqubo yokuthuthukisa, indawo engaphambili nengemuva ye-SPA ingahlukaniswa, ivumele onjiniyela ababili noma ngaphezulu ukuthi basebenze ngokufana. Ukushintsha ingemuva noma indawo engemuva ayithinti enye ingxenye, ngaleyo ndlela kuphromotha ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo.
Onjiniyela bangaphinda basebenzise ikhodi yohlangothi lweseva futhi bahlukanise ama-SPA ku-UI engaphambili. Izakhiwo ezihlukanisiwe kuma-SPA zihlukanisa izibonisi zangaphambili namasevisi angemuva. Lokhu kuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bashintshe indlela ababuka ngayo izinto, bakhe futhi bahlole ngaphandle kokuba nomthelela kokuqukethwe noma ukukhathazeka ngobuchwepheshe basemuva. Amakhasimende angakwazi ke ukuba nolwazi olungaguquki esebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Ulwazi lomsebenzisi oluthuthukisiwe
Ngama-SPA, abasebenzisi bathola ukufinyelela emakhasini abukiwe ngaso leso sikhathi ngakho konke okuqukethwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kulula kakhulu njengoba abasebenzisi bengakwazi ukuskrola ngokukhululeka nangokukhululekile. Kuzwakala sengathi usebenzisa ideskithophu yomdabu noma uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula.
Ama-SPA ahlinzeka nge-UX enhle enesiqalo esihlukile, esimaphakathi nesiphetho. Futhi, abasebenzisi bangafinyelela okuqukethwe abakufunayo ngaphandle kokuchofoza izixhumanisi eziningi, njengakuma-MPA. Uhlangabezana namazinga okugxuma aphansi lapho abasebenzisi bethola ukufinyelela okusheshayo olwazini, ngokungafani nama-MPA lapho abasebenzisi bekhungatheka khona njengoba amakhasi ethatha isikhathi esiningi ukulayisha. Ukuzulazula nakho kuyashesha ngoba izici zekhasi ziphinde zisetshenziswe.
- Ukuguqulelwa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IOS ne-Android
Onjiniyela abafuna ukushintshela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ne-Android kufanele basebenzise ama-SPA njengoba kulula ukuwaguqula. Bangasebenzisa ikhodi efanayo ukushintsha besuka ku-SPA baye kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Ngenxa yokuthi yonke ikhodi inikezwa ngesibonelo esisodwa, ama-SPA kulula ukuwasebenzisa, okuwenza alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.
- Ukuhambisana kwe-cross-platform
Onjiniyela bangasebenzisa isisekelo sekhodi eyodwa ukuze bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenza kunoma iyiphi idivayisi, isiphequluli, nesistimu yokusebenza. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabathengi njengoba bengasebenzisa i-SPA noma yikuphi. Iphinde inike amandla onjiniyela nonjiniyela be-DevOps ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinothile ngesici, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya kwesikhathi sangempela, kuyilapho bethuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlela okuqukethwe.
Ama-downsides
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa, ezinye izinkinga ziyavela uma usebenzisa izinhlaka ze-SPA. Ngenhlanhla, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokunqoba lezi zinkinga ngama-SPA. Ngezansi kukhona okungahambi kahle;
- I-Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa azifanele i-SEO. Izinjini eziningi zokusesha, njenge-Google noma i-Yahoo, azikwazanga ukucaca kumawebhusayithi e-SPA ngokusekelwe ekusebenzelaneni kwe-Ajax namaseva isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokho, iningi lalezi zindawo ze-SPA zahlala zingakhonjwanga. Njengamanje, i-Google bots ifundiswe ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani i-JavaScript esikhundleni se-HTML evamile ukukhomba amawebhusayithi e-SPA, okulimaza amazinga.
Ukuzama ukufaka i-SEO kusayithi le-SPA esenziwe ngomumo kuyinselele futhi kuyabiza. Abathuthukisi kufanele bakhe iwebhusayithi ehlukile, enikezwe iseva yenjini yokusesha, engasebenzi kahle futhi efaka ikhodi eyengeziwe eyengeziwe. Amanye amasu anjengokuthola izici kanye nokunikezela kusengaphambili nakho kungasetshenziswa. Ezikhungweni ze-SPA, i-URL eyodwa yekhasi ngalinye ikhawulela amandla e-SEO kuma-SPA.
- Ukuzulazula kwenkinobho yokubuyela emuva naphambili
Iziphequluli zigcina ulwazi ukuze zisize amakhasi ewebhu alayishe ngokushesha. Uma abathengi beshaya inkinobho yokubuyela emuva, iningi lilindele ukuthi ikhasi libe sesimweni esifana nesokugcina lapho belibuka, nokuthi inguquko izokwenzeka ngokushesha. Izakhiwo zewebhu ezivamile zivumela lokhu ngokusebenzisa amakhophi agcinwe kunqolobane esayithi nezisetshenziswa ezihlobene. Nokho, ekusetshenzisweni okungenangqondo kwe-SPA, ukucindezela inkinobho yasemuva kunomphumela ofanayo nowokuchofoza isixhumanisi. Ibangela isicelo seseva, ukunensa okwandayo, nezinguquko ezibonakalayo zedatha.
Ukuze uhlangabezane nokulindelwe ngabasebenzisi futhi unikeze umuzwa osheshayo, onjiniyela be-SPA kufanele balingise ukusebenza kweziphequluli zomdabu ezisebenzisa i-JavaScript.
- Skrola indawo
Iziphequluli zigcina ulwazi olufana nendawo yokugcina yokuskrola yamakhasi avakashelwe. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisi bangathola ukuthi izindawo zokuskrola zishintshile lapho bezulazula kuma-SPA besebenzisa izinkinobho zesiphequluli ezingemuva naphambili. Isibonelo, ku-Facebook, ngezinye izikhathi abasebenzisi bapheqa babuyele ezindaweni zabo zokugcina zokuskrola, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abakwenzi. Lokhu kubangela ulwazi oluncane lomsebenzisi njengoba kufanele baqale kabusha ngokwenza ukuskrola babuyele endaweni yangaphambilini yokuskrola.
Ukuze kubhekwane nale nkinga, onjiniyela badinga ukuhlinzeka ngekhodi elondolozayo, ebuyisayo, kanye nemiyalelo yendawo elungile yokuskrola njengoba umsebenzisi eskrola emuva naphambili.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwewebhusayithi
Ngokungeza ikhodi yezibalo ekhasini, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukulandelela ithrafikhi ekhasini. Nokho, ama-SPA akwenza kube nzima ukunquma ukuthi yimaphi amakhasi noma okuqukethwe okudume kakhulu njengoba kuyikhasi elilodwa kuphela. Udinga ukunikeza ikhodi eyengeziwe ukuze izibalo zilandelele amakhasi mbumbulu njengoba ebukwa.
- Izinkinga zokuphepha
Ama-SPA athambekele kakhulu ekubeni sengozini ngokusebenzisa umbhalo we-cross site. Ivumela abathengi ukuthi balande lonke uhlelo lokusebenza, babaveze emathubeni amaningi okuthola ubungozi ngobunjiniyela obuhlehlayo. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, onjiniyela kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi yonke ingqondo yohlangothi lweklayenti ehlobene nokuvikeleka kohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu, njengokuqinisekisa nokuqinisekisa okokufaka, iphindwe kabili kuseva ukuze kuqinisekiswe. Futhi, onjiniyela kufanele banikeze ukufinyelela okusekelwe endimeni okulinganiselwe.
Ephetha
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhasi elilodwa zimaka isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwemizwa yohlelo lokusebenza. Ayashesha, anembile futhi angahlanganiswa nezici ezithuthukile ezifana nokwenza ngokwezifiso. Kungakho izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezinabasebenzisi abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, njenge-Gmail, i-Netflix noma i-Facebook feed, zithembele ekwakhiweni kwekhasi elilodwa. Ngokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, amabhizinisi angathola inani elithe xaxa ezintweni zawo eziku-inthanethi futhi enze izinto ezintsha njengebhizinisi ledijithali.
Ercole Palmeri
