Iyini i-Laravel, ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye nezakhiwo eziyisisekelo zokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-WEB

I-Laravel wuhlaka lwewebhu olusekelwe ku-PHP lokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezisezingeni eliphezulu, lisebenzisa ama-syntaxes ayo alula kodwa anamandla.

Uhlaka lwe-Laravel PHP luza neqoqo eliqinile lamathuluzi, futhi luhlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezinhlelweni ezikhiqizwayo. Kuwuhlaka lomthombo ovulekile we-PHP, kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kwe-MVC:

• Framework: iqoqo lezindlela, amakilasi noma amafayela asetshenziswa umhleli, futhi anganweba ukusebenza kwawo esebenzisa ikhodi yakhe.
• Izakhiwo: iphethini ethile yokuklama elandelwa uhlaka. I-Laravel ilandela ukwakhiwa kwe-MVC.

mvc

Isifinyezo sakhiwe ngezinhlamvu ezintathu, incazelo imi kanje:

• M: Isifanekiso. Imodeli ikilasi elibhekene nesizindalwazi. Isibonelo uma sinabasebenzisi kuhlelo lokusebenza sizoba nemodeli yabasebenzisi ephethe ukubuza ngethebula labasebenzisi, uma sinemodeli yabasebenzisi sizophinde sibe netafula labasebenzisi.
• V: Buka. Ukubuka kuyikilasi elinakekela yonke into esiyibonayo mayelana nohlelo lokusebenza esipheqululini.
• C: Abalawuli. Isilawuli singumlamuli onakekela kokubili imodeli nokubuka. Isilawuli yikilasi elilanda idatha kumodeli bese liyithumela ekilasini lokubuka.

Izinzuzo nezici

Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokugunyazwa kanye nokuqinisekisa

Umnikazi ngamunye wohlelo lwewebhu kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe abafinyeleli izinsiza ezivikelwe. I-Laravel inikeza indlela elula yokusebenzisa ubuqiniso. Iphinde inikeze indlela elula yokuhlela i-logic yokugunyazwa nokulawula ukufinyelela ezinsizeni.

Ukuhlanganiswa namathuluzi

I-Laravel ihlanganiswe namathuluzi amaningi adala uhlelo lokusebenza olusheshayo. Akudingekile kuphela ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza, kodwa futhi ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza olusheshayo. Ukuhlanganisa ne-caching backend ngesinye sezinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu. I-Laravel ihlanganiswe nama-backends athile adumile afana ne-Redis ne-Memcached.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesevisi yemeyili

I-Laravel ihlanganiswe nesevisi yeposi. Le sevisi isetshenziselwa ukuthumela ama-imeyili ezaziso. Ihlinzeka nge-API ehlanzekile nelula ekuvumela ukuthi uthumele i-imeyili ngokushesha usebenzisa indawo noma isevisi esekelwe emafini.

Hlola okuzenzakalelayo

Ukuhlola umkhiqizo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isofthiwe isebenza ngaphandle kwamaphutha, iziphazamisi nokuphahlazeka - noma nini lapho kukhishwa inguqulo entsha. Siyazi ukuthi ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kuthatha isikhathi esincane kunokuhlola mathupha, ikakhulukazi ukuhlola okungahlehli. I-Laravel yathuthukiswa ngokuhlola engqondweni.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwekhodi ye-logic yebhizinisi kusuka kukhodi yesethulo

Ukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi ye-logic yebhizinisi nekhodi yokwethula kuvumela abaklami besakhiwo se-HTML ukuthi bashintshe ukubukeka nomuzwa ngaphandle kokuxhumana nonjiniyela. Isiphazamisi singalungiswa onjiniyela ngokushesha uma ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwekhodi yengqondo yebhizinisi (Umlawuli) kanye nekhodi yesethulo (Buka) kunikezwa. Siyazi ukuthi iLaravel ilandela ukwakheka kwe-MVC, ngakho-ke ukuhlukana kubalulekile.

Ukulungiswa kobungozi obuvame kakhulu bobuchwepheshe

I-Laravel iwuhlaka oluvikelekile njengoba luvikela uhlelo lwewebhu kubo bonke ubungozi bokuphepha. Ukuba sengozini kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu. Inhlangano yaseMelika i-OWASP Foundation, defiiqeda ubungozi obukhulu bokuphepha obufana nomjovo we-SQL, isicelo sokukhohlisa, ukubhala, nokunye.

I-CRON: ukuhlela imisebenzi yokumisa nokuphatha

Izinhlelo zeWEB zihlala zidinga izindlela zokuhlela umsebenzi ukuze zihlele futhi zenze imisebenzi ngesikhathi. Isibonelo, ukuthumela nini ama-imeyili kwababhalisile noma ukuthi kuhlanzwa nini amathebula esizindalwazi ekupheleni kosuku. Ukuze uhlele imisebenzi, onjiniyela badinga ukudala okungenayo kwe-Cron komsebenzi ngamunye, kanye nesihleli somyalo we-Laravel defiiphetha ukuhlela komyalo.

Ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi yeLaravel

Ukuze udale iphrojekthi yakho yokuqala ye-Laravel, udinga ukuba ne- Composer efakiwe. Uma ingekho emshinini wakho, qhubeka nokuyifaka njengoba kuchazwe esihlokweni sethu esithi Umqambi.

Ngemuva kwalokho dala uhla lwemibhalo olusha ohlelweni lwakho lwephrojekthi yakho entsha ye-Laravel. Okulandelayo, zulazulela endleleni lapho udale khona uhla lwemibhalo olusha, bese usebenzisa umyalo wokudala iphrojekthi composer create-projectngokuthayipha umyalo olandelayo:

composer create-project laravel/laravel myex-app

Lo myalo (inguqulo 9.x) idala iphrojekthi eqanjwe igama myex-app

Noma ungakha amaphrojekthi amasha Laravel emhlabeni jikelele ifaka isifaki se Laravel inqubo Composer:

composer global require laravel/installer
laravel new myex-app

Ngemva kokudala iphrojekthi, qala iseva yendawo yokuthuthukisa i-Laravel usebenzisa umyalo serve dell 'Artisan I-CLI ye Laravel:

php artisan serve

Ngemva kokuqala iseva yokuthuthukisa Artisan, uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luzofinyeleleka kusiphequluli sakho sewebhu ku- http://localhost:8000. Manje, usukulungele ukusebenzisa Laravel. Kunjalo, ungase futhi ufune ukusetha isizindalwazi.

Isakhiwo sohlelo lokusebenza eLaravel

Isakhiwo seLaravel ngokuyisisekelo siyisakhiwo samafolda, amafolda amancane namafayela afakwe kuphrojekthi. Uma iphrojekthi isidaliwe ku-Laravel, singabona ukwakheka kohlelo lokusebenza njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni sefolda yempande ye-Laravel:

Lungiselela

Ifolda yokumisa ihlanganisa ukucupha kanye nemingcele ehlobene, edingekayo ukuze uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Laravel lusebenze kahle. Amafayela ahlukene afakwe kufolda yokumisa afakwe ohlwini esithombeni esingezansi. Amagama wamafayela amele izikophu zokucushwa.

semininingwane

Lolu hlu lwemibhalo luhlanganisa imingcele ehlukahlukene yokusebenza kwesizindalwazi. Kubandakanya iziqondiso ezingaphansi ezintathu:

• Imbewu: iqukethe amakilasi asetshenziswa kusizindalwazi sokuhlolwa kweyunithi;
• Ukufuduka: le folda isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza nokuqondanisa kwesakhiwo se-DB nohlelo lokusebenza;
• Izimboni: Le folda isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza inombolo enkulu yamarekhodi edatha.

Public

Kuyifolda yempande esiza ukuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Laravel, okungukuthi ukuqala kohlelo lokusebenza. Kuhlanganisa amafayela namafolda alandelayo:

• .htaccess: ifayela elihlinzeka ngokucushwa kweseva;
• i-javascript ne-css: iqukethe wonke amafayela wensiza wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Laravel;
• index.php: ifayela elidingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe uhlelo lokusebenza lewebhu.

Resources

Uhla lwemibhalo lwezinsiza luqukethe amafayela athuthukisa uhlelo lwewebhu. Amafolda afakwe kulolu hlu kanye nenjongo yawo:

• amafa: ifolda ihlanganisa amafayela afana ne-LESS ne-SCSS, adingekayo ngesitayela sohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu;
• lang: faka ukucushwa kokwenziwa kwasendaweni noma kwangaphakathi;
• ukubukwa: amafayela e-HTML noma izifanekiso ezisebenzisana nabasebenzisi bokugcina futhi adlala indima eyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwe-MVC.

Storage

Lena ifolda egcina wonke amalogi namafayela adingekayo lapho iphrojekthi ye-Laravel isebenza. Ngezansi kukhona amafolda amancane afakwe kulolu hlu lwemibhalo kanye nenjongo yawo −

• uhlelo lokusebenza: le folda iqukethe amafayela abizwa ngokulandelana;
• uhlaka: luqukethe izikhathi, izinqolobane kanye nokubukwa okubizwa njalo;
• Amalogi: Aqukethe amafayela alandelela izinkinga zesikhathi sokusebenza, ikakhulukazi wonke amalogi ahlukile namaphutha.

tests

Wonke amacala okuhlola amayunithi aqukethwe kulolu hlu lwemibhalo. Ukuqanjwa kwezigaba zokuhlola kuyi-camel_case futhi kulandela umhlangano wamagama ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwekilasi.

Umthengisi

I-Laravel isuselwe ekuncikeni okuphethwe Umqambi, isibonelo ukufaka ukusethwa kwe-Laravel noma ukufaka amalabhulali ezinkampani zangaphandle, njll.

Ifolda ye-Vendor iqukethe konke okuncikile kwe Umqambi.

Ercole Palmeri