Isikhathi sokufunda esilinganiselwe: 5 imizuzu
Thatha isibonelo iwashi lesihlakala. Abenzi bamawashi baseSwitzerland babebusa imboni amakhulu eminyaka kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-70, lapho amaJapane ethula izindlela zokukhiqiza ezingabizi kakhulu ukuze akhiqize amawashi e-quartz anembe kakhulu. Izinkampani ezifana noSeiko neCasio zivale imakethe ye-quartz. Ngo-1983, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zemisebenzi embonini yamawashi yaseSwitzerland yayisinyamalele futhi izwe lakhiqiza amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela amawashi omhlaba.
Eminyakeni yakamuva i-Switzerland iphinde yavela njengohamba phambili emhlabeni ekuthunyelweni kwewashi (ngevelu yokuthekelisa), ngenxa yesidingo esisanda kutholwa semakethe samawashi anomshini wesitayela esidala.
Njengengxenye yeNgqungquthela Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu yama-28 (COP 28) ka-2023 eDubai, amazwe angaphezu kwama-20 avumelene ngomgomo oyingqopha-mlando: amandla enuzi aphindwe kathathu emhlabeni jikelele 2050. Lokhu kuzibophezela kuhlose ukuguqula umbono omubi osuzungeze amandla enuzi kusukela ezingozini zaseChernobyl naseFukushima. Nokho, i Spain yathatha indawo ehlukile, yazikhipha esivumelwaneni kanye neJalimane. Iyini imiphumela yalesi sinqumo?
Ngesikhathi I-COP28Amazwe afana ne-United States, i-France, i-United Kingdom, i-Canada ne-Japan, phakathi kwamanye, avumelene ukusebenzisana ukuze kuphindwe kathathu umthamo wokukhiqizaamandla enuzi. Lolu shintsho luphawula ukuphela kwamashumi eminyaka enziwa amademoni kulo mthombo nomdlandla futhi igqamisa isidingo sokwehlukahlukana kwamasu okulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Theamandla enuzi, uma ikhishiwe njengomthombo ohlanzekile, manje isibekwe njengengxenye ebalulekile ekushintsheni okuya esikhathini esizayo esengeziwe. esimeme. Naphezu kwezinzuzo zalesi sinqumo, ukungabi khona kweSpain neJalimane kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokubumbana komhlaba wonke kulesi sici ukuguquka kwamandla.
Nakuba izizwe ezingaphezu kuka-20 ziye zasekela ukwandaamandla enuzi, iSpain neJalimane bakhetha ukungasisayini isivumelwano. Lawa mazwe womabili, okuwukuphela kwawo emhlabeni anezimboni zokuphehla amandla enuzi, anqume ukuvala izimboni zawo, ngaleyo ndlela edelela inkambiso yomhlaba wonke. Umbuzo obalulekile uthi: yiziphi izizathu zalesi sinqumo nokuthi singaba namuphi umthelela kuzo imigomo yesimo sezulu?
Nakuba iningi lifuna inhlanganisela ye amandla evuselelekayo e zenuzi ukunciphisa ukungcola, iSpain neJalimane bathathe indlela ehlukile, bengawathembi amandla enuzi njengengxenye yawo isu sezulu.
Amazwe asayinile adlulisele isimemo kuzinhlangano zezezimali ezifana IBhange Lomhlaba ukusekela amandla enuzi kuzinqubomgomo zokubolekwa kwamandla. Lesi sikhalo sigqamisa indima ebalulekile amandla enuzi angadlala ekufezeni ukukhishwa kwe-zero ifinyelele futhi ifinyelele Izinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungenelela kukamongameli we Paraguay ku-COP28 yengeza umbono oyingqayizivele endleleni elinganayo yokubhekana nezinselele zesimo sezulu. I-Paraguay, ne-100% yamandla ayo ahlanzekile futhi evuselelekayo, iziveza njengesibonelo okufanele usilandele ekusesheni okukodwa Ukuthuthuka okungashabalali ngaphandle kokuthonya ngokweqile isimo samanje samandla.
Isinqumo seSpain sokuzikhipha esivumelwaneni sokuthuthukisa amandla enuzi sigqamisa ubunkimbinkimbi bamasu kazwelonke ukuguquka kwamandla.
Ngenkathi amanye amazwe ebheja ngamandla enuzi njengengxenye ebalulekile, amanye, njengeSpain, afuna ezinye izindlela. Iyiphi indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubhekana nayo ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu?
Impendulo yayingaba definansi ikusasa yezindleko zamandla kanye nogesi emhlabeni wonke. Emhlabeni oqaphela kakhulu isidingo sezisombululo ezisimeme, ukuhlukahluka kwemithombo yamandla kuziveza njengesihluthulelo sekusasa eliqhakazile. oluhlaza futhi iqinile.
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