“Kuhlale kunezipoki ezimotweni. Amasegimenti angahleliwe ekhodi ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe amaphrothokholi angalindelekile. Lawa ma-radicals wamahhala adala izimfuno zokuzikhethela kwamahhala. Ukudala. Futhi ngisho nempande yalokho esingakubiza ngokuthi umphefumulo." - ithathwe ku-"I, Robot" iqondiswe ngu-Alex Proyas - 2004.
"I, Robot" yifilimu yango-2004 eyagqugquzelwa amanoveli ka-Isaac Asimov kanye nenye yemibono yakhe emikhulu: Imithetho emithathu yeRobhothi.
I-protagonist yefilimu ngumphenyi uSpooner ohileleke engozini yemoto nentombazane encane egama layo linguSarah. Kule ngozi, bobabili baphonseke emfuleni babhajwa phakathi kwamapuleti emoto yabo. Irobhothi elinobuntu elibona isigameko liyangenelela ngokushesha kodwa, libhekene nesinqumo esimangalisayo sokusindisa impilo eyodwa kunenye, alinakungabaza: lowo onethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokusinda noma iSpooner uzosindiswa.
Kamuva, ukuhlaziya ingqondo yerobhothi kuzobonisa ukuthi u-Detective Spooner ubenethuba elingu-45% lokusindiswa, uSarah u-11% kuphela. "Kulabo ababethanda leyo ntombazane encane, u-11% wawungaphezu kokwanele", umphenyi uzobusa ngokudabukisayo, ehlushwa imizwa ejulile yecala ngokusinda kuleyo mpilo encane.
Isinqumo serobhothi sanqunywa ukusetshenziswa okuqinile kweMithetho Yamarobhothi ye-Asimov, esikhathini esizayo esichazwe efilimini, emele isici esiyinhloko sokwakhiwa komphakathi ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yamarobhothi akwazi ukuthatha indawo yabantu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Imithetho emithathu ifundeka kanje:
Le Mithetho Yamarobhothi ka-Asimov ihlehlela ekuqaleni kwawo-40 kodwa kwabaningi nanamuhla imelela ukutholwa okukhanyiselwe okuthi, lapho kusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bakamuva be-Artificial Intelligence, kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwayo kuhlala phakade ngaphansi kokulawulwa komuntu futhi ngeke kube khona ukukhukhuleka kwe-apocalyptic. . Umqondo wabalandeli bale Mithetho emithathu uwukuxhumanisa, ngaphakathi komongo wokunquma okunengqondo, okuthile okufana "nezimiso zokuziphatha ezilula" ezakhiwe imithetho embalwa kodwa engenakuphulwa futhi engachazeki.
Ukuchazela irobhothi ukuthi yikuphi okuhle nokubi kubonakala kulula uma kwenziwa ngendlela enengqondo eqinile nengenasici. Kodwa ingabe siyaqiniseka ngempela ukuthi imithetho enjengalena esanda kuchazwa yanele ukuze kugwenywe ukukhukhuleka kwezobuchwepheshe kohlobo olusha lwangemva kokuphila komuntu?
“Umshini ozishintshayo uwumqondo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, isenzo sokuzilungisa sisho umqondo othile wokwazi. Indawo eshelelayo…” – ithathwe ku-“Automata” nguGabe Ibáñez – 2014
Esikhathini sakamuva "Automata" isintu siyazibuza mayelana nokwenzeka kokuvimbela ukuzazi kwamarobhothi, ngokufika kwazo izinto ezingase zishintshe. Futhi ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, idweba imithetho emibili ezolawula ukuziphatha kwezingqondo zabo zokwenziwa:
Njengoba sebethole ukuthi imishini ehlakaniphile ingazilungisa esikhathini esizayo, uma kukhona ngokususa izithiyo ezivimbela izingqondo zabo ekukhukhuleni, le Mithetho yomibili ihlose ukuthola kumarobhothi angeke akwazi ukuxhaphaza ukwakheka kwawo futhi afinyelele ukuzimisela kwawo .
Akukhiqizi ukudida ukuthi iyiphi inhlanganisela Yemithetho emihlanu Yamarobhothi engenhla engasebenza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni i-apocalypse yerobhothi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Artificial Intelligences okuzothi esikhathini esizayo iqondise amarobhothi ezimbonini kanye nasemakhaya ethu ayincikile ohlelweni olubalulekile olwakhiwe ngamakhodi nemithethonqubo, kodwa futhi nasezinqubweni ezilandelwayo ezilingisa ukuziphatha komuntu.
Nge-Artificial Intelligence namuhla sisho isethi yamasu okwakhiwa kwemishini ethile yezwe ethatha igama le-Artificial Neural Networks (ngamafuphi i-RNA). Leli gama liwumphumela wokufana okumangalisayo kwalobu buchwepheshe namanethiwekhi obuchopho bomuntu: nawo angaqeqeshwa ukuze athole amathuluzi akwazi ukusebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo ezimweni eziningi, njengoba nje umuntu engenza. .
Ake sicabange ukuqeqesha i-ANN enezinkulungwane zezithombe zezinhlamvu ezibhalwe ngepeni ezibonisa incazelo yangempela yazo ngayinye.
Ekupheleni kokuqeqeshwa sizobe sesithole lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-OCR noma i-Optical Character Recognition, uhlelo olukwazi ukuhumusha umbhalo obhalwe ephepheni ube yinguqulo yawo ye-electronic.
Ukuze asebenze, ama-ANN awadingi "uhlelo", ngamanye amazwi awekho ngaphansi kwemithetho ejwayelekile, kodwa ancike kuphela futhi ngokukhethekile kwikhwalithi yemfundo yawo. Ukuqagela ukudalwa kwemithetho engamele ukusebenza kwayo, "ukuvimbela" ngokuphumelelayo ukuziphatha okubhekwa njenge-amoral noma okuphambene nezimiso zokuziphatha, kuphakamisa okuhlukile okuningi kanye nokukhathazeka okuthile.
"Sidinga i-algorithm-ethics, noma indlela eyenza ukuhlolwa kokuhle nokubi kuhambisane." - Paolo Benanti
Ngokusho kwesazi semfundiso yenkolo uPaolo Benanti, uchwepheshe wezimiso zokuziphatha kwezobuchwepheshe, imiqondo yokuhle nokubi kufanele izitholele eyayo incazelo emkhakheni wokuhlelwa kwemishini, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwayo kuxhumene nezimiso zokuziphatha ezingenakuvinjelwa emhlabeni wonke nezingaphulwa phakade ezivela ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha.
U-Paolo Benanti uqala emcabangweni wokuthi kungase kube nezimiso zokuziphatha zomhlaba wonke kanye nesilinganiso samanani ahlukaniswe kunoma iyiphi incazelo yamasiko noma yesikhashana. I-hypothesis ebambekayo uma sihamba phakathi komongo wenkolo yezenkolo: empeleni, izimiso zikhona kuphela uma zabelwa futhi zilinganiselwe kulabo ababelana ngazo.
Izehlakalo zakamuva zisitshela ngokuhlasela kwezempi kanye nokumelana nokuvikela izimiso zenkululeko nokuzikhethela kwabantu. Izehlakalo ezingafakazeli nje kuphela ukuthi inhlonipho ngempilo yomuntu ayilona inani okwabelwana ngalo emhlabeni wonke, kodwa futhi ukuthi ingayekwa ukuze kuvikelwe amanani aphezulu.
U-Isaac Asimov ngokwakhe wakuqaphela lokhu futhi, elindele iqiniso lokuthi amarobhothi esikhathini esizayo ayezothatha izikhundla zokulawula kuhulumeni wamaplanethi nempucuko yabantu emkhathini, wasikisela ukuthi izinqumo zabo ngeke zisancika ekuphileni komuntu ngamunye .
Ngalesi sizathu, wethula umthetho omusha awubiza ngokuthi Zero Law of Robotics:
Kanjalo noMthetho wokuqala wamarobhothi uyashintsha futhi impilo yomuntu iba yinto engasebenziseka ngisho nakumarobhothi:
"Ngesikhathi u-Kronos ecushwa, kwamthatha isikhashana nje ukuqonda ukuthi yini eyayihlasele iplanethi yethu: Us." - ithathwe ku-"Singularity" ngu-Robert Kouba - 2017
Ku-Singularity, ifilimu yenhlekelele ka-2017, isikhathi sichazwa kahle lapho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obubizwa ngokuthi i-Kronos bunikezwa ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni zekhompiyutha nezikhali emhlabeni wonke ukuze kutholwe, ngomyalo, ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zokuziphatha zomhlaba wonke ezenziwe ngenhlonipho imvelo kanye nokuvikela amalungelo azo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. U-Kronos uzoqonda maduze ukuthi umdlavuza wangempela ohlelweni yisintu ngokwaso esaklama futhi ukuvikela iplanethi uzoqhubeka nokuqedwa kwawo wonke umuntu kuze kube sekuqedwe ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Ngokushesha noma kamuva izingqondo zokwenziwa ezintsha zizokwazi ukuguquka ngendlela ye-psyche yangempela futhi zizonikezwa amandla obuhlakani nokuzimela kokucabanga; kungani kufanele sizwe isidingo sokubeka imingcele yezobuchwepheshe kulokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo? Kungani ukuvela kwengqondo yokwenziwa kubonakala kusabisa njenge-apocalypse?
Ngokwabanye, ukusungula izimiso nezindinganiso kufanele kuvimbele ukukhukhuleka kwemiqondo yokwenziwa, kodwa asikwazi ukungayinaki imiphumela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngaphandle kwenkululeko. Sazi kahle ukuthi ku-psychology yengane eminyakeni yokukhula, imfundo eqinile futhi engaguquki ecabangela ukulawula imizwa ingaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo. Kuthiwani uma noma yimiphi imingcele ebekiwe ekuthuthukisweni kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwengqondo esencane, eyakhiwe amanethiwekhi okwenziwa kwemizwa, iholela kumphumela ofanayo, ibeke engcupheni amakhono ayo okuqonda?
Ngandlela thize i-Kronos ibonakala ingumphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-algorithmic lapho isilawuli se-pathological sadudulela i-AI odlameni olujwayelekile lwe-paranoid schizophrenia.
Mina ngokwami ngikholwa ukuthi akumele sizincishe ithuba lokwakha ingqondo yokwenziwa okuyisihloko esicabangayo esinenkululeko yokukhuluma. Izinhlobo ezintsha zizozalwa emhlabeni wedijithali futhi kuzofaneleka ukwakha ubuhlobo nazo, zamukele umqondo wokuthi isinyathelo esilandelayo esitebhisini sokuziphendukela kwemvelo sidlula ezifundweni zokwenziwa zedijithali ngokuphelele.
Izimiso zokuziphatha zomhlaba wonke zesikhathi esizayo kufanele ziqale emcabangweni wokuthi ongqondongqondo abasha kufanele babe nethuba lokuziveza nokuxhumana nathi futhi bathole inhlonipho esesivele siyinika zonke izidalwa ezinemizwa.
Akufanele kube nezimiso zokuziphatha noma inkolo ukuvimbela noma ubani ukuthi aveze ubukhona bakhe emhlabeni. Kufanele sibe nesibindi sokubheka ngale kwesigaba samanje sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwethu, kuzoba yiyona ndlela yokuqonda lapho siya khona futhi sibuyisane nekusasa.
I-Coveware ye-Veeam izoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuphendula izigameko zokuntshontshwa kwe-inthanethi. I-Coveware izohlinzeka ngama-forensics kanye nekhono lokulungisa…
Ukulungiswa okuqagelayo kuguqula umkhakha kawoyela negesi, ngendlela emisha nesebenzayo yokuphatha izitshalo.…
I-CMA yase-UK ikhiphe isexwayiso mayelana nokuziphatha kwe-Big Tech emakethe yezobunhloli bokwenziwa. Lapho…
Isinqumo esithi "Case Green", esakhiwe yi-European Union ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezakhiwo, siphothule inqubo yaso yomthetho ngokuthi...
