Ukuqamba okusha emkhakheni wezamandla ukusuka emkhathini kuya eMhlabeni: iphrojekthi ye-MAPLE

TheCaltech Institute wathi uyakwazi ukuthwala amandla elanga asuka emkhathini aye eMhlabeni, okuvula amathuba angavamile wamandla avuselelekayo.

I-prototype yephrojekthi I-Space Solar Power (SSPP), kubizwe MAPLE, ibonise ngempumelelo ukudluliswa kwamandla angenantambo kusuka emkhathini.

Lolu hlelo olusha, olusekelwe kuma-microwave transmitters, lungakhiqiza a'Amandla aphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunamaphaneli elanga ajwayelekile abantu basemhlabeni.

Lolu hlelo lungenza kube nentando yeningi ukufinyelela emandleni futhi kulethe izinzuzo ezifundeni ezikude noma ezithintwe izingxabano noma izinhlekelele.

I-Caltech iguqula amandla elanga ngephrojekthi ye-SSPP

Ithimba labacwaningi abavela e-California Institute of Technology (Caltech) lenze i-Revolutionary Space Solar Power Project (SSPP) ngenhloso yokuthutha. energy solar kusuka emkhathini kuya eMhlabeni. I-prototype ye-SSPP, ebizwa I-MAPLE (I-Microwave Array yokuhlolwa kokujikeleza okuphansi kokudlulisa amandla), yethulwa ngempumelelo ku-orbit ekhombisa ukudluliswa kwamandla angenantambo ukusuka emkhathini ukuya eMhlabeni. Ngomhla zi-3 kuNdasa, i-MAPLE yabonisa ngendlela emangalisayo ithuba lokusebenzisa amandla elanga angenamkhawulo futhi atholakala njalo anama-microwave aguquguqukayo futhi alula. Lolu hlelo luzuze iziqophamlando ezibalulekile ngokusebenzisa:

• Theumhlangano we amaphaneli elanga
• La sesha amaseli elanga asebenza kahle
• La ukudluliswa kwamandla elanga ngama-microwaves.

Ukwethulwa ngempumelelo kwesibonelo se-MAPLE ngaphakathi a I-SpaceX Falcon 9 ngoJanuwari, kwaphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile ku-Caltech Space Solar Power Project (SSPP), evula imibono emisha yamandla elanga emkhathini Emhlabeni. 

Amaphaneli elanga emkhathini: amandla aphindwe kasishiyagalombili ngenxa yeCaltech

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha obuthuthukiswe yiCaltech, amaphaneli elanga asemkhathini angakhiqiza amandla aphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunawavamile eMhlabeni. Lolu hlelo lokudlulisa amandla okungenantambo lungenza futhi ukufinyeleleka kwamandla ngentando yeningi, ukuletha kuzuzisa izifunda ezikude, abathintwe izingxabano noma izinhlekelele. 

Kungenxa yocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ngabakwa I-Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) yase-United States ekhombise ukuthi kungenzeka ukudlulisa amandla angenawaya ngebanga lekhilomitha elilodwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvule imibono emisha yekusasa exhaswe ngokuphelele amandla avuselelekayo.

Nokho, impumelelo yephrojekthi ye-SSPD incike ekuqalisweni kwe izitshalo ezinkulu, ekwazi ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kokudluliselwa kwamandla elanga. Le nselelo yezobuchwepheshe nezezimali idinga:

• Ukwakhiwa kwe izindawo ezinkulu zokwamukela abantu emhlabeni
• Ukuthwebula ama-microwave adluliselwa kusuka emkhathini.

Nakuba i-geostationary orbit ibhekwa njengendawo ethandwayo yamaphaneli elanga azungezayo, ibanga lawo elikhulu ukusuka eMhlabeni liletha izinselele ekudlulisweni kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izindlela ezinjengalezi:

• Imizila ephansi
• Ukusebenzisa okwengeziwe ukunciphisa ukufakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okuningi ngaseMhlabeni.

I-MAPLE, eyingxenye yephrojekthi ye-Caltech Space Solar Power (SSPP) kanye nokuhlolwa okukodwa kokuthathu okukhulu ngaphakathi kwesibonelo sesikhala se-SSPD-1, kubonisa ukuzibophezela nokubaluleka kweqembu laseCaltech ekukhuthazeni amandla elanga emkhathini njengomthombo osimeme futhi osebenza kahle weplanethi yethu. Ngokuhlolwa okwenziwe, i-MAPLE ikhombisile:

• Ikhono lokudlulisa amandla angenantambo emkhathini
• Ukuguqula Amandla abe Ugesi Wamanje Oqondile (DC).
• Ukunika amandla ngempumelelo ipheya lama-LED, okubonisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokudluliswa kwamandla angenantambo emkhathini.

Ukubheka ikusasa lamandla esimeme: amandla elanga lamandla

Amandla elanga amele okwamanje ngaphansi kwama-4% okukhiqizwa kukagesi emhlabeni jikelele, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi u-13% wamandla avuselelekayo avela elangeni. Ngakho-ke kukhona indawo eyanele yokukhula. Imithombo evuselelekayo esetshenziswa kakhulu yilena:

• Amandla kagesi
• Amandla omoya

Le mithombo isakha iningi lokukhiqizwa kwamandla esimeme. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yesimo sezulu, kubalulekile ukuphokophela u-100% wamandla emithonjeni evuselelekayo ngo-2029, kodwa okwamanje u-14% kuphela wamandla omhlaba avela emithonjeni enjalo. Ngakho-ke, ayadingeka imizamo ebalulekile ukufeza lo mgomo wokuvelela.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kukhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nokusebenza kwesimo sezulu. Lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo lusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi ohlanzekile, kodwa kusenezinselele ezisazokwenzeka.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhala kwe-MAPLE kufakazele ukubaluleka kwakho ukuqina ukuze uphile futhi usebenze ngempumelelo emkhathini, okwedlula obekulindelwe. Ibhekane namazinga okushisa adlulele kanye nokuchayeka emisebeni yelanga, okufakazela ukwethembeka nokuvumelana nezimo. Impumelelo ye-MAPLE ekudluliseleni amandla Emhlabeni ivula imibono emisha yamandla elanga emkhathini njengomthombo wamandla ongaba khona ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zethu zasemhlabeni.

Iphrojekthi yeCaltech Space Solar Power ikhombise ngempumelelo ukudluliswa kwamandla elanga ukusuka emkhathini kuya eMhlabeni. Lobu buchwepheshe bungakwazi guqula amandla avuselelekayo futhi wenze intando yeningi ukufinyelelaamandla. Nokho, kusenezinselele ngaphambili. Yiziphi izithiyo ezizodinga ukunqotshwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo lobu buchwepheshe? Ungaba yini umthelela endaweni yethu kanye nomphakathi?

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