Iyini i-webhook futhi uyisebenzisa kanjani?

Ama-webhook avumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwe kuwebhu ukuthi zihlanganyele ngokusebenzisa ukushaya ucingo ngokwezifiso.

Ukusebenzisa ama-webhooks kuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ukuthi zixhumane ngokuzenzakalela nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu.

Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zendabuko lapho isistimu eyodwa (isihloko) sigcina sivotela enye isistimu (isibuki) kwenye idatha, ama-webhooks avumela umbukeli ukuthi aphushele idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo kusistimu yesihloko noma nini uma kwenzeka umcimbi.

Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokugadwa njalo yisifundo. Ama-Webhooks asebenza ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi ngakho-ke konke ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo kufanele kwenzeke ngendlela yemiyalezo ye-HTTP.

Ukusebenzisa ama-webhooks

Ama-Webhooks ancike ebukhoneni bama-URL amile akhomba kuma-API kusistimu yesihloko adinga ukwaziswa uma kwenzeka umcimbi kusistimu yesibukeli. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu oluklanyelwe ukuqoqa nokuphatha wonke ama-oda afakwe ku-akhawunti ye-Amazon yomsebenzisi. Kulesi simo, i-Amazon isebenza njengesibukeli futhi I-Webapp Ye-Custom Order Management isebenza njengesihloko.

Esikhundleni sokuba nohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu lwangokwezifiso ngezikhathi ezithile shayela ama-API we-Amazon ukuhlola i-oda elidaliwe, i-webhook edalwe kuhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu lwangokwezifiso izovumela i-Amazon ukuthi ithumele ngokuzenzakalelayo i-oda elisanda kwakhiwa kuhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu nge-URL ebhalisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-webhooks, isihloko kufanele sibe nama-URL aqokiwe amukela izaziso zomcimbi ezivela kumbukeli. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo obalulekile entweni njengoba amakholi e-HTTP enziwa phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili kuphela uma kwenzeka umcimbi.

Amasistimu asekelwe ekuvoteni ngokumelene namasistimu asekelwe ku-webhook

Uma i-webhook yesihloko isibizwa yisibukeli, isihloko singathatha isinyathelo esifanele ngale datha esanda kuhanjiswa. Ngokuvamile, ama-webhook enziwa nge-POST izicelo ku-URL ethile. THUMELA izicelo zikuvumela ukuthi uthumele ulwazi olwengeziwe entweni. Ukwengeza, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhomba phakathi kwenani lemicimbi ehlukahlukene engaba khona esikhundleni sokudala ama-URL e-webhook ahlukene omcimbi ngamunye.

Ukusebenza kweWebhu

Ukuze usebenzise ama-webhook angenayo kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza, udinga ukwenza lezi zinyathelo eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:

• Veza indawo yokugcina ye-API kuseva yakho yohlelo lokusebenza eyamukela futhi icubungule amakholi we-HTTP POST
• Nikeza ukufinyelela kulesi siphetho kwabanamandla abasebenzisi be-webhook. Indawo yokugcina ye-API izobiza uhlelo lokusebenza lomthombo wedatha noma nini lapho izimo ezifanele zifinyelelwa.
• Cubungula idatha ye-POST bese ubuyisela impendulo kusiqalisi sekholi ye-webhook ukuze ubonise isimo. Lesi sinyathelo singase sibe khona noma singabi khona.

I-Webhooks vs. APIs

Womabili ama-webhooks nama-API anenhloso yokusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, kunezinzuzo ezithile ezihlukile kanye nebubi bokusebenzisa i-Webhooks phezu kwama-API ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo lokusebenza.

Ama-Webhooks avame ukuba yizixazululo ezingcono uma amaphuzu alandelayo ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni olusetshenzisiwe:

• Uma idatha ibuyekezwa kaningi kuseva, ama-webhooks avamise ukuba yizixazululo ezingcono njengoba amakholi we-API angadingeki asuka kuklayenti aya kuseva esuswa. Ngokusho kwe-resthooks.com, u-98,5% wezinhlolovo ze-API ziyamosha.
• Ama-Webhooks anika amandla izixazululo ezingcono kumasistimu adinga ukubuyekezwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela. Amapholi e-API ngokuvamile asebenza ngezikhathi ezithile ezingase zivimbele idatha ebukhoma ukuthi ibuyekezwe. Ngama-webhooks, izibuyekezo zithunyelwa kusuka kuseva kuya kuklayenti ngokushesha nje lapho i-webhook iqaliswa.

Ukusebenzisa i-API kufanele kukhethwe ngaphezu kwama-webhooks kwezinye izimo.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ekusebenziseni ama-API ku-Webhooks yilezi:

• Ukusebenzisa i-API kuvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okwengeziwe kokuthi kungenziwa nini ukuvota kudatha evela kuseva kanye nokuthi ingakanani idatha okufanele uyivotele kuseva. Inani ledatha ezophonswa libuswa usayizi wenhlolovo ye-API. Ngama-webhooks, iseva ngokuvamile inquma idatha nokuthi ithunyelwa nini.
• Kumasistimu anedatha eguquguqukayo kakhulu (njengezinhlelo zesikhathi sangempela, izinhlelo ze-IoT, njll.), ukuvota okusekelwe ku-API kungase kube inketho engcono njengoba kukholi ngayinye ye-API, kunethuba eliphezulu lokuphendula okusebenzisekayo.
• Kungenzeka ukuthi idatha ethunyelwe isuka kuseva, nge-webhook, ishaywe indiva ngokuphelele iklayenti uma kwenzeka iziphetho ze-REST zingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Esimeni lapho iseva ingenayo indlela yokuzama kabusha ukuphusha okunjalo okuhlulekile, izibuyekezo zedatha zilahleka ngokuphelele.

Ukuze ubhekane nethuba lokulahlekelwa idatha ethunyelwe isuka kuseva lapho i-webhook ingaxhumekile ku-inthanethi, ungasebenzisa ulayini wemiyalezo yomcimbi ukuze ufake kungobo yomlando lezo zingcingo. Izibonelo zamapulatifomu ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okunjalo zifaka phakathi RabbitMQ o Isevisi Yomugqa Olula wase-Amazon (SQS). Zombili ziklanyelwe ukusebenza njengezindawo zokugcina imiyalezo ezimaphakathi ezigwema amathuba okulahlekelwa ucingo lwe-webhook.

Ercole Palmeri