Ukhuseleko lwe-IT: ungazikhusela njani kuhlaselo lwe-Excel macro virus

Ukhuseleko lwe-Excel Macro lukhusela ikhompyuter yakho kwiintsholongwane ezinokudluliselwa kwikhompyuter yakho nge-Excel macros.

Ukhuseleko olukhulu lutshintshe kakhulu phakathi kwe-Excel 2003 kunye ne-Excel 2007.

Kweli nqaku makhe sibone kunye indlela yokuzikhusela kakuhle kuhlaselo olukhulu lwe-Excel.

Yintoni uhlaselo olukhulu

Uhlaselo olukhulu yimeko yenaliti yekhowudi enobungozi, uhlaselo olusekwe kwiscript esiza njengomyalelo omkhulu ngaphakathi kwefayile ebonakala ikhuselekile. Abahlaseli benza olu hlaselo ngokufakela iskripthi sokukhuphela i-malware (kaninzi) kumaxwebhu axhasa iimacros. Usetyenziso olulunya lwemakhro isekelwe kubuthathaka bomntu bokungazi kunye nokungakhathali . Kukho iimpawu ezininzi zohlaselo olukhulu oluzenza zibe yingozi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izisombululo ezisebenzayo zokuthintela uhlaselo olunjalo.

Yintoni iiMacros?

Iimakhro yimiyalelo esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi ukwenza iinkqubo zesiqhelo kunye nokwandisa kakhulu uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kweprogram. 

Kukho imisebenzi emininzi onokuyenza kwidatha kwi-Excel. Ngokudala kunye nokusebenzisa i-macro, unako dwelisa uluhlu lwemiyalelo ukuchaza inkqubo ephindaphindwa rhoqo kwaye uzenze ngaphandle komgudu, ukonga ixesha elininzi. IiMacros zikuvumela ukuba uqondise izixhobo zangaphandle ukuhlalutya idatha esuka kwezinye iifayile kwikhompyuter yakho okanye nokuba ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi ukukhuphela izinto kwiiseva ezikude.

Yiza funziona il Macro Virus ?

Eyona ndlela ilula yokwenza uhlaselo olukhulu kukuzinzisa umbhalo wokukhuphela kwifayile ejongeka ingenabungozi. I-hacking yanamhlanje ikhetha ebe ulwazi kuwe ukuzithengisa, fihla idatha yakho funa intlawulelo o phucula isiphelo sakho ngezinye iindlela ukuze bazuze. Zonke ezi meko zibandakanya ukutofwa kwesoftware yangaphandle kwinkqubo. Kwaye iimacros zilungile kule nto.

Yintoni eyenza uhlaselo olukhulu lube yingozi ngakumbi?

Uhlaselo olukhulu luyinkathazo kumaqela okhuseleko, njengoko beneempawu ezithile ezenza kube nzima ukuzilandela kwaye kube nzima ukuzithintela ukuba zingasasazeki.

• Ukusasazeka ngokulula. IiMacros zisebenza kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Xa befika emotweni, banokusasazeka ngokufanayo iintsholongwane zekhompyutha kunye neentshulube ze-Intanethi. I-macro inokuqulatha imiyalelo yokuguqula ezinye iifayile kunye neetemplates zeefayile. Oku kwenza ukuba nayiphi na ifayile eyenziwe kumatshini owosulelekileyo isoyikiso. Umzekelo, iimacros zinokuseka uqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi ukusasaza iifayile ezingalunganga nge-imeyile.
• Isenokungabi nafayile. Abenzi bobubi banokubhala ii-macros ukuze kungabikho mkhondo wobukho babo kwi-hard drive yekhompyuter okanye nasiphi na esinye isixhobo sokugcina. Yenza uhlaselo olukhulu lube ngumzekelo wokwenyani wohlaselo olungenafayile olunekhowudi ekhoyo kuphela kwi-RAM, hayi kumatshini wexhoba lokuqhuba (njengefayile okanye ngayo nayiphi na enye indlela).
• Kulula ukufiphalisa. Zininzi iialgorithms ze-obfuscating macro code. I-Obfuscation ayikho ikhowudi, yinkqubo elula kakhulu, kodwa kwanele ukwenza ukuba isicatshulwa singafundeki kumhlalutyi womntu okanye siyiguqule ibe yipuzzle ngaphambi kokuba baxelele ukuba i-macros esetyenzisiweyo inobungozi.

Xa umsebenzisi esemngciphekweni

Uhlaselo lweMacro lusebenzisa obona mngcipheko unobungozi kwi-cybersecurity: umsebenzisi ongumntu. Ukunqongophala kolwazi lwekhompyutha kunye nokungakhathaleli kwenza abasebenzisi ba ekujoliswe lula kubaduni kwaye uvumele abaphuli-mthetho ukuba balindele ukuphunyezwa komsebenzisi kwephakheji yabo ekhohlakeleyo. Abaphuli-mthetho kufuneka baqhathe abasebenzisi kabini : kuqala ukubenza bakhuphele ifayile ngeemacros kwaye emva koko ubaqinisekise ukuba bavumele iimacros zisebenze. Kukho amaqhinga ahlukeneyo abakhangeli abanokuthi babhenele kuwo, kodwa ubukhulu becala ayafana nowona maphulo okusasaza ubuqhetseba kunye ne-malware.

Ukhuseleko olukhulu kwiinguqulelo zangoku ze-Excel (2007 kwaye kamva):

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ii-macros kwiinguqulelo zangoku ze-Excel, kufuneka ugcine ifayile ye-Excel njengencwadi yokusebenza enikwe amandla amakhulu. I-Excel izazi iincwadi zomsebenzi ezenziwe nge-macro-enziwe nge-.xlsm ulwandiso lwefayile (kunolwandiso lwesiqhelo lwe-.xlsx).

Ke ngoko, ukuba wongeza imacro kwincwadi eqhelekileyo ye-Excel kwaye ufuna ukukwazi ukusebenzisa le macro ngalo lonke ixesha ufikelela kwincwadi yomsebenzi, kuya kufuneka uyigcine ngolwandiso lwe-.xlsm.

Ukwenza oku, khetha Gcina njenge "Fayile" ithebhu yeribhoni ye-Excel. I-Excel iya kuthi emva koko ibonise isikrini esithi "Gcina Njenge" okanye ibhokisi yencoko ethi "Gcina Njenge".

Cwangcisa uhlobo lwefayile kwi "Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook" uze ucofe iqhosha Salva .

Izandiso ezahlukeneyo zefayile ze-Excel ziyenza icace xa incwadi yomsebenzi iqulethe iimakhro, ngoko ke oku kukodwa kuyindlela yokhuseleko eluncedo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Excel ikwabonelela ngeesetingi zokhuseleko olukhulu, ezinokulawulwa ngemenyu yokukhetha.

Iisetingi zoKhuseleko olukhulu

Iisetingi ezine zokhuseleko olukhulu:

• "Khubaza zonke iimakhro ngaphandle kwesaziso“: Olu seto aluvumeli naziphi na iimacros ukuba zisebenze. Xa uvula incwadi yokusebenza entsha ye-Excel, awulumkiswa ukuba iqulethe iimacros, ngoko usenokungazi ukuba kungenxa yoko le nto incwadi yokusebenza ingasebenzi njengoko kulindelekile.
• "Khubaza zonke iimakhro ngesaziso“: Olu seto luthintela iimacros ekusebenzeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho iimacros kwincwadi yomsebenzi, iwindow ephumayo iya kukulumkisa ukuba iimacros zikhona kwaye zikhubaziwe. Ungakhetha ke ukwenza iimacros ngaphakathi kwencwadi yomsebenzi yangoku ukuba uyafuna.
• "Khubaza zonke iimakhro ngaphandle kwezo zisayiniwe ngokwamanani": Olu seto luvumela kuphela iimacros ezivela kwimithombo ethembekileyo ukuba ziqhube. Zonke ezinye iimakhro azibaleki. Xa uvula incwadi yokusebenza entsha ye-Excel, awulumkiswa ukuba iqulethe iimacros, ngoko usenokungazi ukuba kungenxa yoko le nto incwadi yokusebenza ingasebenzi njengoko kulindelekile.
• "Yenza zonke iimakhro zisebenze": Esi seto sivumela zonke iimacros ukuba zisebenze. Xa uvula incwadi yokusebenza entsha ye-Excel, awulumkiswa ukuba iqulethe ii-macros, kwaye usenokungazi iimacros ezisebenzayo ngelixa ifayile ivuliwe.

Ukuba ukhetha useto lwesibini, “Khubaza zonke iimakhro ngesaziso", xa uvula incwadi yokusebenza equlethe iimacros, unikwa ukhetho lokuvumela iimacros zisebenze. Olu khetho lunikezelwe kuwe ngebhendi emthubi phezulu kwi-spreadsheet, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:

Ke ngoko, kufuneka ucofe eli qhosha kuphela ukuba ufuna ukuvumela iimacros zisebenze.

Fikelela kwi-Excel kuseto lokhuseleko olukhulu

Ukuba ufuna ukujonga okanye ukutshintsha useto lokhuseleko olukhulu lwe-Excel kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-Excel:

• Kwi-Excel ka-2007: Khetha i-Excel main menu (ngokukhetha uphawu lwe-Excel phezulu ngasekhohlo kwespredishithi) kwaye, ezantsi ekunene kule menyu, khetha Iinketho ze-Excel ukubonisa i "Excel Options" ibhokisi yencoko yababini; Ukusuka kwibhokisi yencoko ethi "Ukhetho lweExcel", khetha ukhetho Iziko loKhuselo kwaye, ukusuka koku, nqakraza kwiqhosha Iisetingi zeZiko leTrasti... ; Ukusuka kukhetho Iisetingi ezinkulu , khetha enye yeesethingi kwaye ucofe OK .
• Kwi-Excel 2010 okanye kamva: Khetha isithuba ifayile kwaye ukhethe kule iinketho ukubonisa ibhokisi yencoko yababini ethi “Ukhetho oluPhezulu”; Ukusuka kwibhokisi yencoko ethi "Ukhetho lweExcel", khetha ukhetho Iziko loKhuselo kwaye, ukusuka koku, nqakraza kwiqhosha Iisetingi zeZiko leTrasti... ; Ukusuka kukhetho Iisetingi ezinkulu , khetha enye yeesethingi kwaye ucofe OK .

Qaphela: Xa utshintsha useto lokhuseleko olukhulu lwe-Excel, kuya kufuneka uvale kwaye uqalise kwakhona i-Excel ukuze useto olutsha lusebenze.

Iindawo ezithembekileyo kwiinguqulelo zangoku ze-Excel

Iinguqulelo zangoku ze-Excel zikuvumela ukuba wenze njalo defiNish iindawo ezithembekileyo, o.k. iifolda kwikhompyuter yakho "ezithembileyo" ze-Excel. Ke ngoko, i-Excel ishiya iitshekhi eziqhelekileyo xa uvula iifayile ezigcinwe kwezi ndawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ifayile ye-Excel ibekwe kwindawo ethembekileyo, ii-macros kule fayile ziya kwenziwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isethingi yokhuseleko olukhulu.

IMicrosoft inayo defined ezinye iindlela ezithembekileyo ngaphambilidefinites, edweliswe kulungiselelo lokhetho Iindlela ezithenjwayo kwincwadi yakho yomsebenzi ye-Excel. Ungafikelela kuyo ngala manyathelo alandelayo:

• Kwi-Excel ka-2007: Khetha i-Excel main menu (ngokukhetha i-logo ye-Excel phezulu ngasekhohlo kwi-spreadsheet) kwaye, ezantsi ekunene kule menyu, khetha Iinketho ze-Excel; Ukusuka kwibhokisi yencoko yababini ethi "Ukhetho lweExcel" evelayo, khetha ukhetho Iziko loKhuselo kwaye, ukusuka koku, nqakraza kwiqhosha Iisetingi zeZiko leTrasti... ; Khetha ukhetho Iindawo ezithembekileyo ukusuka kwimenyu esekhohlo.
• Kwi-Excel 2010 okanye kamva: Khetha iFayile isithuba kwaye koku khetha Khetha;
  Ukusuka kwibhokisi yencoko yababini ethi “Ukhetho lweExcel” evulayo, khetha iZiko leTrasti ukhetho kwaye ukusuka koku, nqakraza kwi Izicwangciso zeZiko leTrasti… iqhosha;
  Khetha iiNdawo eziThenjiweyo ukhetho kwimenyu esekhohlo.

Ukuba unqwenela defiNish indawo yakho ethembekileyo, ungayenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukusuka kukhetho Iindawo ezithembekileyo , cofa iqhosha Yongeza indawo entsha... ;
• Fumana uvimba weefayili ofuna ukuwuthemba kwaye ucofe OK .

Ingqalelo: Asikukhuthazi ukubeka iinxalenye ezinkulu zedrive, njengencwadi yonke ethi "Amaxwebhu am", kwindawo ethembekileyo, njengoko oku kukubeka emngciphekweni wokuvumela ngempazamo iimacros ezivela kwimithombo engathenjwa.

Ercole Palmeri