Harisi basa riri nyore kugadzira a BEV iyo, seyezvino ICE mota, inogona kuwedzerwa mumaminitsi matatu, ine huwandu hwe1.000 km pane yakazara tangi yemafuta, inobatsira kubva kune yakakwana zvivakwa uye inogona kushandiswa zviri nyore kwemakore angangoita gumi. Nekudaro, kubuda kwemabhatiri akasimba-akasimba-akasimba anogona kukanganisa mamiriro azvino uye nekukasira zvakanyanya kutorwa kwemusika. BEV.
Kana mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafoni uye mamwe madiki emagetsi emagetsi, anoshandiswa mumotokari maapplication, anoisa zvakanyanya kudiwa kwekuchengetedza uye hupenyu hwebhatiri.
Panguva imwecheteyo, pane kutengeserana pakati pekuvandudzwa kwehuwandu, izvo zvinoda kuwedzera kuwedzera kwesimba, uye kuchengeteka / kusimba. Uku kutengeserana ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei kushanda kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion ikozvino kunoonekwa sechipingamupinyi chisingagoneki kune kuwedzera kwemusika kutorwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi.
Solid-state mabhatiri ane mukana wekukunda matambudziko aya. Solid state mabhatiri ane nhoroondo refu. Maelectrolyte akasimba akagadzirwa muma70, asi kusakwana kweionic conductivity kwakaganhurira mashandisirwo awo. Nekudaro, maelectrolyte akasimba ane akafanana kana epamusoro ionic conductivity kune emvura electrolytes achangobva kuwanikwa, achimhanyisa tsvakiridzo nekusimudzira kuedza.
Vagadziri vemotokari
Pa2017 Tokyo Motor Show, Toyota yakazivisa chinangwa chekutengesa kwe BEV mamiriro akasimba zvachose muhafu yekutanga yema20s. Kunyangwe chizvarwa chekutanga che BEV iyo ichashandisa mabhatiri ehurumende-akasimba anotarisirwa kutangwa neToyota achange aine huwandu hushoma hwekugadzira, chiziviso chekambani pasina mubvunzo chichakurudzira kuedza kukuru nemakambani mazhinji, vaongorori uye masangano ehurumende mukuvandudza mabhatiri ese akasimba.
Volkswagen, Hyundai Motor neNissan Motor vese vakazivisa mari mumakambani ekutanga, saka isu tinotenda iyi inyaya ingangobatsirika kubva mukutarisisa kwakawanda.
Ikozvino mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anosanganisira cathode, mhinduro ye electrolyte, separator uye anode. Musiyano mubhatiri remamiriro akasimba ndewekuti electrolyte yakasimba. Muchokwadi, zvese zvikamu uye zvigadzirwa zvakasimba, saka izwi rekuti "solid state".
Zvimiro zvemabhatiri akasimba-nyika zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakashandiswa, asi kutsvagisa kusvika parizvino kunoratidza mukana wakajeka maererano nekuchengetedza, kuramba kubuda, kuramba kupisa (yakareruka kutonhora chimiro), miniaturization, dhizaini inoshanduka maererano nekuumbwa kwakananga kusangana kwe. iyo sero layer, yakarebesa yekuburitsa kutenderera hupenyu, hapana kudzikira nekuda kweyakanaka yepamusoro / yakaderera tembiricha zvivakwa, nguva pfupi yekuchaja, yakakwira simba density uye yakakwirira simba density.
Munguva yakapfuura, kuderera kwesimba kwaionekwa sekushaya simba kwemabhatiri ehurumende, asi Tokyo Institute of Technology neboka rekutsvakurudza reToyota vakabatana vakagadzira bhatiri rehurumende rine simba rakapetwa katatu uye nekaviri kusimba kwesimba kweiripo. lithium-ion mabhatiri. Isu tinotenda kuti mabhatiri ese akasimba-nyika ane mukana wekukunda kusakosha kwemotokari dzemagetsi.
Izvo zvakanyanya kukanganisa kwemabhatiri ehurumende paindasitiri yemotokari zvinosanganisira kukurumidza mukupararira kwemusika webhatiri. BEV uye shanduko mubhatiri rekupa cheni BEV. Nhanhatu BEV yakatsiva ICE mota, paisazodikanwa injini, kutapurirana uye zvikamu zvine chekuita nazvo, asi pachave nekudiwa kutsva kwemabhatiri, inverters, mota uye zvikamu zvine chekuita nehurongwa uhu.
Kune vakajairwa vanounganidza mota, vanogadzira injini uye madhiraivha mukati-mumba, kuve nechokwadi kuti vane hunyanzvi hwekugadzira mabhatiri akasimba-akasimba-mumba chinhu chakakosha chekuwedzera kukosha. Kune vatengesi, zvichave zvakakosha kudzokorora tekinoroji yekutanga kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.
Kana pane kuwedzera kwekugamuchirwa kwemusika kwe BEV, mitemo yenyika inodzora zvinhu zvakaita semitero, mutemo wesimba uye zviwanikwa zvinogonawo kuchinja.
Kuchinja kubva kumvura kuenda kune yakasimba-nyika lithium-ion mabhatiri kwaizorevawo kuchinjika kubva kumvura kuenda kune yakasimba electrolytes uye kuderera kwekudiwa kwevanoparadzanisa, uye paizova nemukana wekushandisa zvinhu zvitsva zvecathodes uye anode.
Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mumabhatiri akasimba-akasimba ayo Toyota achavhura muhafu yekutanga ya2020 anogona kunge akafanana neanoshandiswa pari zvino, uye sezvo mavhoriyamu ekugadzira ari kuderedzwa, kukanganiswa kweiyo ikozvino kugovera ketani kungangove zvakare. diki. Nekudaro, kana tikaona kufambira mberi kwezvinhu muR&D kuedza, ese-akasimba-state mabhatiri anowanikwa muhafu yechipiri ye2020s uye 2030s anogona kunge achikanganisa.
Pakataurwa zvekuda kurerekera kuna i BEV, asi iko zvino kubvumirana kwemusika ndekwekuti tave munguva ye "powertrain diversification" pane kuuya kwezera. BEV sekudaro. Nekudaro, isu tinotenda kuti kana kuedza kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemabhatiri akasimba-akasimba akabudirira, nguva ye BEV zvingava pedyo.
Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinetso zvakawanda zvaizoda kukundwa. Tsvagiridzo nebudiriro yakanangana nekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemabhatiri ehurumende achangotanga, uye kuti mutengo wekugadzira uchadzikira kusvika papi hausati wajeka. Muchiono, panofanirwa kuve nekukosha kwekudzikisa mutengo kwakapihwa kurerutswa kwemabhatiri mapaketi uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodhura zvemagetsi emagetsi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kana kune kufambira mberi-kupfuura-kunotarisirwa mukuvandudza kushanda kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion uye kuderedzwa kukuru kwemari, kuchinja kune zvose-yakasimba-nyika mabhatiri inogona kunonoka.
Panewo njodzi yekuti kufarira i BEV pachadzo dzinogona kupera nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzakasanganiswa (HEVs) uye mota dzakajairwa dzeICE, gakava pamusoro penyaya dzekufamba-famba, uye kufarirwa patsva kwemotokari dzedhiziri, izvo zvinogona kureva kudzikira kwekuedza kwekusimudzira mabhatiri ese akasimba.
Kubva pakuona kwehuwandu uye nguva inodiwa kuti uwedzere mafuta nehydrogen, mafuta emotokari motokari ndeimwe inogona kukwikwidza. Nepo nyaya dzezvivakwa inyaya, pane mukana wakakura maererano nekutsiva mafuta efossil uye kutakura simba.
KPMG's 2018 Global Automotive Executive Survey yakaisa mota dzemafuta seyepamusoro kiyi maitiro kuburikidza 2025 uye BEV iri pachinhanho chechitatu maererano nevatungamiriri vemotokari dzepasirese. Muna 3, ongororo imwechete yakashandura matafura, i BEV munzvimbo yekutanga uye mota dzemafuta edzimotokari dziri pachinhanho chechitatu.
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