Yintoni uLawulo lwe-ICT, izikhokelo zolawulo olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo lweTekhnoloji yoLwazi kumbutho wakho

Ulawulo lwe-ICT ngumba wolawulo lweshishini ojolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imingcipheko ye-IT ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokuhambelana neenjongo zoshishino ngokubanzi. 

Ixesha lokufunda eliqikelelweyo: 8 imizuzu

Imibutho ixhomekeke kwiimfuno ezininzi zomthetho kunye nolawulo olulawula ukhuseleko lolwazi oluyimfihlo, uxanduva lwemali, ukugcinwa kwedatha, kunye nokubuyiswa kweentlekele kwihlabathi jikelele. 

Ngaphaya koko, imibutho kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba inendawo esomeleleyo ye-ICT kwabo banezabelo, abachaphazelekayo kunye nabathengi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imibutho ihlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, imibutho inokuphumeza inkqubo yolawulo ye-ICT esesikweni ebonelela ngesakhelo seendlela ezilungileyo kunye nolawulo.

DefikuLawulo lwe-ICT

Zininzi defikuLawulo lwe-ICT, makhe sibone ezinye zazo:

• UNESCO: Iseti engafaniyo yezixhobo zobuchwepheshe kunye nezibonelelo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa, ukugcina, ukuyila, ukwabelana okanye ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi. Ezo zixhobo zobuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo zibandakanya iikhomputha, i-Intanethi (iiwebhusayithi, iiblogi kunye ne-imeyile), iteknoloji yokusasaza ngokuphila (irediyo, umabonwakude kunye nokusasazwa kwewebhu), ubuchwepheshe bokusasaza okurekhodiweyo (i-podcasting, abadlali beaudio kunye nevidiyo kunye nezixhobo zokugcina) kunye nomnxeba (i-landline okanye iselula, i-satellite, i-visio / inkomfa yevidiyo, njl.).
• Gartner: Iinkqubo eziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwe-IT ukwenzela ukuba umbutho ufezekise iinjongo zawo. I-IT ifuna uLawulo (ITDG - yintoni ekufuneka isebenze kuyo) yinkqubo apho imibutho iqinisekisa uvavanyo olusebenzayo, ukhetho, defiukubeka phambili kunye nokuxhasa ngemali utyalo-mali olukhuphisanayo lwe-IT; ukongamela ukuphunyezwa kwazo; kunye nokukhupha iinzuzo zoshishino (ezinokulinganiswa). I-ITDG yinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo kunye nokubeka iliso kutyalo-mali lwenkampani kwaye luxanduva lolawulo lweshishini. Ulawulo lwecala lokubonelela nge-IT (ITSG, njengoko i-IT kufuneka yenze into eyenzayo) imalunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba umbutho we-IT usebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthobelayo, kwaye ngokuyintloko luxanduva lweCIO.
• Wikipedia: Nge Urhulumente we-IT, okanye ngokulinganayo kwifom yesiNgesi Ulawulo lwe-IT, loo nxalenye yobubanzi ithethwa Ulawulo lokuzimele ojongene nolawulo lweenkqubo ICT kwinkampani. Imbono ye Ulawulo lwe-IT ijolise ekulawuleni iingozi ze-IT kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo kunye neenjongo zomsebenzi. Ulawulo oluhlangeneyo luphuhle kakhulu emva kophuhliso lwamva nje lwemithetho e-USA (Sarbanes-Oxleykunye neYurophu (Basel II) ekwaneziphumo ezibalulekileyo kulawulo lweenkqubo zolwazi. Umsebenzi wocazululo apho ezi njongo zilandelwa ngawoUkuphicothwa kwe-IT (Uphononongo lwe-IT).

KwiYunivesithi yaseNottingham

Isikolo esiphumeleleyo kwiYunivesithi yaseNottingham sipapashe uphando kulawulo lwe-ICT apho a defikunye nesakhelo esithe ngqo ngakumbi, esinceda ukuqonda. Ulawulo lwe-ICT luyeza defiichazwa ngokuthi: “chaza amalungelo ezigqibo kunye nezikhokelo zokuphendula ukukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha enqwenelekayo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-IT. Ubunzima kunye nobunzima bokuchaza ulawulo lwe-IT ngomnye weyona miqobo inzima ekuphuculeni. "

Olu phononongo luchaza isakhelo esisebenzayo solawulo lwe-ICT:

Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngeseti yezixhobo, iinkqubo kunye neendlela ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba utyalo-mali lwe-IT luxhasa iinjongo zoshishino. 

Leggi e Regolamenti

Isidingo se-IT esemthethweni kunye neendlela zolawulo lwequmrhu kwimibutho iye yaphenjelelwa ngokumiselwa kwemithetho nemimiselo, kwihlabathi jikelele.

Makhe sibone eminye imizekelo:

EUnited States

il I-Gramm-Leach–Bliley Act (GLBA) kunye Umthetho weSarbanes-Oxley , kwiminyaka yee-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-2000. Le mithetho yavela emva kwamatyala amaninzi aphakamileyo obuqhophololo kunye nokukhohlisa kweenkampani;

GDPR eYurophu

GDPRI-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ngumthetho wokukhusela idatha yaseYurophu. I-EU Data Protection Directive 1995 kunye nayo yonke eminye imithetho yamazwe angamalungu esekelwe kuyo, kubandakanywa ne-UK DPA (uMthetho woKhuseleko lweDatha) 1998, ithathelwe indawo yi-GDPR. Imimiselo nezikhokelo zezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zemithetho esetyenziswa ngamazwe e-EU. Imigaqo isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU kwaye iyabophelela. Izikhokelo, kwelinye icala, zizivumelwano ngeenjongo ekufuneka amazwe angamalungu azifezekise ngomthetho wesizwe.

UKumkani IV eMzantsi Afrika

UKumkani IV, ivela kwingcamango yolawulo olululo lwequmrhu oluvela ekuqapheliseni ukuba imibutho iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu, ngoko ke, imibutho inoxanduva kuye nawuphi na umntu ochaphazelekayo wangoku okanye wexesha elizayo. Esi sikhokelo sazise inkqubo “yokusebenzisa nokucacisa” ecebisa ukuba imibutho isebenze elubala xa isebenzisa iinkqubo zayo zolawulo lweshishini.

ITIL

ITIL: Ithala leencwadi le-Infrastructure Technology (ITIL) yinkqubo-sikhokelo ehambelana neenkonzo ze-IT kunye neemfuno zoshishino. Esi sikhokelo sicacisa imisebenzi, iinkqubo kunye noluhlu lokukhangela olungangqalanga kwinkampani kodwa olunokuba yinxalenye yesicwangciso sobuchule sombutho ukugcina ubuchule. Isakhelo sinokusetyenziswa ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokulinganisa ukuphuculwa ngaphakathi kwenkampani.

COBIT

COBIT: isifinyezo seeNjongo zoLawulo loLwazi kunye nobuChwepheshe obuNxulumeneyo. Ngokusisiseko, i-COBIT yinkqubo-sikhokelo eyenziwe nguMbutho woPhicotho lweNkqubo yoLwazi kunye noLawulo (ISACA) yoLawulo lweTekhnoloji yoLwazi kunye noLawulo lwe-IT. Isakhelo sibalaselisa kwaye defiInkqubo eqhelekileyo yeenkqubo zoLawulo lwe-IT, iinjongo ezinxulumeneyo kunye neziphumo, iinkqubo eziphambili kunye neeNjongo zichaziwe. Isakhelo silinganisa ukusebenza kunye nokuvuthwa kusetyenziswa i-Capability Maturity Model (CMM), esisisixhobo sokufunda idatha eqokelelwe yimibutho ekhontrakthi kwi-US Defence Force.

I-COSO

imodeli yokuhlola ulawulo lwangaphakathi ivela kwiKomiti yeMibutho eXhasa ngeMali yeKhomishini yeTreadway (COSO). I-COSO igxile kakhulu kwi-IT kunezinye izikhokelo, igxile kakhulu kwimiba yoshishino efana nolawulo lomngcipheko weshishini (ERM) kunye nothintelo lobuqhophololo.

I-CMMI

I-CMMI : Indlela yokuHlanganisa i-Capability Maturity Model, ephuhliswe yi-Software Engineering Institute, yindlela yokuphucula ukusebenza. Indlela isebenzisa isikali se-1 ukuya kwisi-5 ukulinganisa inqanaba lokuvuthwa kwentsebenzo yombutho, umgangatho kunye nenzuzo. 

FAIR

FAIR : Uhlalutyo lweFactor of Information Risk ( FAIR ) ngumzekelo omtsha onceda imibutho ukubala umngcipheko. Ingqwalasela ikukhuseleko lwe-cyber kunye nomngcipheko wokusebenza, ngenjongo yokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi. Ngelixa intsha kunezinye iinkqubo ezikhankanyiweyo apha, iCalatayud ikhomba ukuba sele ifumene umtsalane omkhulu kunye neenkampani zeFortune 500.

Ngokusisiseko

Ngokusisiseko, ulawulo lwe-IT lubonelela ngesakhelo sokulungelelanisa isicwangciso se-IT kunye nesicwangciso soshishino. Ngokulandela inkqubo-sikhokelo esesikweni, imibutho inokuvelisa iziphumo ezinokulinganiseka ekuphumezeni amaqhinga kunye neenjongo zayo. Inkqubo esesikweni ikwathathela ingqalelo umdla wabachaphazelekayo, kwakunye neemfuno zabasebenzi kunye neenkqubo abazilandelayo. Kumfanekiso omkhulu, ulawulo lwe-IT luyinxalenye yolawulo lwequmrhu ngokubanzi.

Imibutho namhlanje iphantsi kwemithetho emininzi elawula ukhuseleko lolwazi oluyimfihlo, uxanduva lwezemali, ukugcinwa kwedatha, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwentlekele, phakathi kwezinye. 

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ziyafezekiswa, imibutho emininzi iphumeza inkqubo yolawulo lwe-IT esesikweni ebonelela ngesakhelo seendlela ezilungileyo kunye nolawulo.

Eyona ndlela ilula kukuqala ngesakhelo esakhiwe ziingcali zeshishini kwaye isetyenziswe ngamawaka emibutho. Izikhokelo ezininzi zibandakanya izikhokelo zokuphunyezwa ukunceda imibutho kwisigaba solawulo lwe-IT kunye neebhotile ezimbalwa. Umhlathi odlulileyo udwelisa ezinye izakhelo ezinekhonkco elizalanayo.

Ufundo olunxulumeneyo

• Iinguqulelo zeThales zolawulo olungundoqo lwe-cryptographic lunceda imibutho ukuba ifezekise ulongamo lwedijithali kwindawo engumxube kunye namafu amaninzi.
• I-PNRR: indima yomhlanganisi wenkqubo ukuqalisa utshintsho
• Itekhnoloji ye-ICT kwezolimo: biza izindululo zenkqubo ecacileyo nedijithali yokutya kwezolimo
• I-TERNA IZIQINISEKISA PHEZULU UKUZINZIWA E-ITALI NASEHLABATHINI.
• Ukulingana ngokwesini kunye neZakhono ze-ESG: Amathuba kwiiNkampani ezikhuphisanayo

Ercole Palmeri