I-Neuralink ifake i-brain implanting yokuqala emntwini: yintoni i-evolutions ...

Inkampani kaElon Musk, Neuralink, kwiveki ephelileyo ifakiwe itshiphu yokuqala kwingqondo yomntu.

I-brain-computer interface (BCI) implanti yafakwa ngotyando yirobhothi kummandla wobuchopho olawula injongo yokuhamba.

Lo PRIME istudiyo, Pyanqunyulwa Rnge-obotically Imyatyalwa Brain-Computer Interfacee, ibandakanya uvavanyo lwezixhobo zonyango lwe-BCI ye Neuralink.

Ixesha lokufunda eliqikelelweyo: 4 imizuzu

Inkampani iqaphele ukuba iingcingo zokufakelwa zigqithisa imiqondiso ebuchotsheni. Kwiposti ekwi-X, uMusk wongeze wathi: "Iziphumo zokuqala zibonisa ukubonwa kwe-neuronal spike." Oku kubonisa ukuba ukufakelwa kwayo kuchonge imiqondiso yombane eyenziwa ziiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni.

Yenzelwe ukutolika umsebenzi we-Neural

Ngelixa uqesha amavolontiya kwiziko, Neuralink uye wacacisa ukuba “isixhobo siyilelwe ukutolika umsebenzi wemithambo-luvo yomntu, ukuze akwazi ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha okanye i-smartphone nje ngenjongo yokushukuma, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeentambo okanye iintshukumo zomzimba”. Ulingo lwangoku lwezonyango lisebenzisa i-BCI engenazingcingo ukuvavanya ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yotyando yerobhothi kunye nokusebenzisana kokufakelwa kunye nezicubu zebhayoloji ezijikeleze kuyo.

Iimpawu zeNkqubo

Isityalo Neuralink usebenzisa iinaliti ezincinci ezenziwe ngokwendalo. IKHAMPANI uye wacacisa ukuba “incam’ imalunga neemicron ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12 kuphela ububanzi, bukhulu nje kancinane kunobubanzi beseli ebomvu yegazi. Ubukhulu obuncinane buvumela ukuba iingcingo zifakwe onomonakalo omncinane kwicortex [yobuchopho].” Ufakelo lubandakanya i-electrode eyi-1024 esasazwa ngaphezulu kweengcingo ezingama-64 kunye ne-app yomsebenzisi Neuralink iqhagamshela ngaphandle kwamacingo kwikhompyuter. I website yenkampani ithi: "Ukufakelwa kwe-N1 kunikwe amandla yibhetri encinci etshajwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kwamacingo nge-compact, itshaja esebenzayo evumela ukusetyenziswa ngokulula naphi na."

Eli nyathelo le-BCI alikho tsha kraca. Ngo-2021, iqela elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford labeka izinzwa ezimbini ezincinci ngaphantsi umphezulu wobuchopho yendoda efe umzimba ngaphantsi kwentamo. Imiqondiso ye-neural yathunyelwa ngeengcingo ukuya kwikhompyuter, apho ii-algorithms zobuntlola ezenziweyo zazicacisa kwaye zitolika iintshukumo ezicetywayo zesandla neminwe.

I-FDA kwizixhobo ze-BCI kwicandelo lezonyango

Ngo-2021, i-United States Food & Drug Administration yakhupha i-a uxwebhu kwisithembiso sezonyango sezixhobo ze-BCI waza waphawula ukuba: “Izixhobo ze-BCI ezimiliselweyo zinamandla okunceda abantu abaneziphene eziqatha ngokwandisa amandla abo okusebenzisana nendawo abahlala kuyo yaye, ngenxa yoko, banike inkululeko entsha kubomi bemihla ngemihla.”

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukongezwa komzimba womntu ngezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezixhotyisiweyo kunokubonelela ngamathemba angcono okuphila ngexesha lohambo olude kwisithuba esiphakathi kweenkwenkwezi. Ingqikelelo yomntu ophuculweyo nge-cybernetically yaqulunqwa nguManfred Clynes kunye noNathan Kline njenge "cyborg" kwinqaku le-1960 elinesihloko esithi "Cyborg kunye nendawo".

Kodwa njengayo nayiphi na iteknoloji entsha, kukwakho nemingcipheko. Ukukwazi ukuguqulela iingcamango kwisenzo kuzisa phambili ithuba lokufunda iingcamango nge-portal efanayo. Ngemihla engaboniyo kwikamva elikude, i-app ye-BCI inokutyhila ukuba iqabane licinga ntoni ngaphandle kokuthetha nelimdaka. Oku kusekuhleni kungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kunokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Iimpembelelo zoMthetho

Kukwakho nefuthe elibanzi lomthetho. Masithi i ISebe lezoKhuseleko lweLizwe Fumana nge-BCI app ukuba abanye abakhenkethi okanye abemi babonisa iingcinga ezinobutshaba kwilizwe elityelelweyo. Ngaba abezokhuselo bebeya kuthetheleleka ngokusemthethweni ukuba batshutshise okanye bavalele aba bantu ukuba bebecinga ngokwenza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphambi kokuba iingcamango zabo zenziwe?

I concetto di "acinga amapolisa” kuboniswe kwincwadi kaGeorge Orwell ethi “1984” njengophawu lolawulo olunzima nolugubungela zonke iinkalo urhulumente anokuba nalo kubemi bakhe. Ukukwazi ukufunda iingqondo zabantu kunokusondeza le ngcamango kwinyani.

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