siyichaze kwiposi yangaphambili malunga nokhetho lwesoftware ehamba phambili, esijolise kuyoUhlalutyo lokuqala ishishini elidibeneyo (Ngaphandle kwayo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhethe ngobulumko). Siza kubona ukuba, kukhetho olulungileyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inani elithile labathengisi. Ukuze ke ungacazululi kuphela izisombululo ezivela kwimbonakalo "yezobuchwephesha", kodwa neenkonzo abazinikezelayo kunye nombutho wabasebenzi oya kuthi, ngaphakathi kwinkampani yethu, uya kunyanzeleka ukuba ufumane uninzi kwisoftware entsha. Ngaphandle koko, siya kuba sichithe imali yethu kakubi ngokungafumani izibonelelo ezifunwayo.
Ngoku masihlehle inyawo sizibuze ukuba zeziphi iimfuno zomsebenzi zeziphi uyithenga njani Kuya kufuneka sivelise isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zethu: ngokufutshane, zeziphi ezona zibonelelo ziphambili silindele ukuba sizifumane kwisoftware ehamba phambili. Kananjalo kule meko, nohlalutyo lweshishini lethu, asiyi kuthathela ingqalelo nayiphi na imveliso okanye imigaqo ethile yezobugcisaEli iya kuba linyathelo elilandelayo. Okwangoku, siza kuzalisa uluhlu lokutshekisha nezinto eziza "kukosa" eziya kuza zilungele kumanqanaba alandelayo.
"Sizibuze ukuba zeziphi iimfuno zomsebenzi zeziphi uyithenga njani Kuya kufuneka sivelise isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zethu: ngokufutshane, zeziphi ezona zibonelelo eziphambili silindele ukuzifumana kwesona software ilungileyo "
Kwaye kule meko, eyethu uluhlu lokwenza iyacaciswa kwaye ibandakanya Abathathi izigqibo ngaphakathi kwinkampani yethu: ngokuqinisekileyo hayi nje isebe le-IT.
La Ukukhetha isoftware yodidi lweshishini inokuba sisiphumo sesidingo, esibonakaliswe licandelo langaphakathi lenkampani yethu, okanye isigunyaziso ngqo se ulawulo oluphezulu (eneembono ngokubanzi zomdla wenkampani kunye nesicwangciso ekufuneka usilandele). Imvelaphi yesigunyaziso ngokwayo ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala ukuba ngaba inkqubo leyo ithathelwa ingqalelo umbilini okanye yesibini kwishishini. Ukukhumbula ukuba ukukhethwa kwesoftware entsha sisitshixo sokutshintsha iinkqubo.
Ngayiphi na imeko, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yile zonke Abadlali ababandakanyekayo (kubandakanya abo babonisa isidingo, abo bathatha izigqibo kwelona nqanaba liphezulu kunye nabo banezakhono zobugcisa nezokusebenza zokuqhuba uthetha-thethwano kwixesha elizayo) kufuneka babe zilungelelaniswe ngenjongo yokhetho kunye neempawu zesisombululo ukufunyanwa.
Kuphela kuxa ucinga ukuba sinokuthi siyile uyilo Uluhlu lweemfuno zomsebenzi. Ngokufanelekileyo, abadlali bethu abathathu (abasebenzisi, abaphathi abaphezulu kunye nabahlalutyi abasebenza ngobuchwephesha) baya kuza kunye kwishishini eliqhelekileyo kucinga. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, oku kunokwenzeka kuxhomekeke kuguquguquko ixesha (kuyafuneka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iindleko zangaphakathi ze defiukuqaliswa kunye nolawulo lwe project).
Kwaye lo msebenzi wokulungelelanisa ubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba sijonga elinye icandelo lokhetho: njengakuyo yonke into "Uhambo lomthengi", yinkqubo yokuthenga eqala ukusuka kwisidingo kwaye idlula ekubuyiseleni ulwazi kulwabiwo lweentengiso, kunokuba kukho Iindawo ezinombala ". Akukho njalo kunqabile ukuba abaphathi abaphezulu, okanye umsebenzi wenkampani oza kuxhamla kwisisombululo, bazifumane benolwazi oluqhelekileyo lwesisombululo ekufuneka samkelwe: bayayazi into abayifunayo, hayi indlela yokuyixela ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo. Nako oku utile Inkxaso yobungcali kwicandelo le-IT, ukuba lenzelwe ngabahlalutyi abasebenza kakuhle ababeka izakhono ezifanelekileyo.
Apha ke eminye imibuzo iqela eliya kuyibuza: luthini uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lweemfuno? Ngaba ingongoma nganye icacile kulo lonke iqela eliqulunqe olu luhlu? Ngaba nabani na oya kwenza uthethathethwano unomyalelo wakhe engqondweni? Kwaye ngaba isigunyaziso ngokwaso sicacisiwe kwaye sineenkcukacha okanye sinezikhewu? Isicwangciso esilungileyo sokwamkelwa sinokuba yindlela yeSkram: nabani na othatha inxaxheba kwiprojekthi ubalisa ibali ukuze ingcaciso, yohlobo lwengxoxo, ithande. defiingqiqo yeekhonsepthi eziza kusetyenziselwa umsebenzi.
Rhoqo izisombululo zeshishini kwintengiso awunayo yonke imisebenzi efunekayo yi umthengi. Abaphathi beenkampani bayayazi le nto kwasekuqaleni. Yiyo loo nto, nje ukuba uluhlu lokutshekisha lwenziwe, siyaqhubeka nokufumana a isalathiso se kuqala: yonke inkampani, nje ukuba iinjongo zibekiwe, inezayo.
Rhoqo izisombululo zeshishini ziyathengiswaawunayo yonke imisebenzi efunekayo yi umthengi. Abaphathi beenkampani bayayazi le nto kwasekuqaleni. Yiyo loo nto, nje ukuba uluhlu lokutshekisha lwenziwe, siyaqhubeka nokufumana a isalathiso se kuqala"
Abanye bacebisa ukunxulumana kwimfuno nganye amanqaku ahlukileyo abalulekileyo: inqaku elipheleleyo lesisombululo ngasinye esilihlolisisiweyo liya kuba lilonke leemfuno ezikhoyo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo. Isengcebiso esivakalayo esiqhelekileyo, ukuba awuyongqondo kakhulu kuvavanyo lokugqibela: kungokwemvelo ukuba kwinkcazo Ukulinganisa Kukho izinto ezingaphandle kwesoftware, ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na into enxulumene nomthengisi. Siza kubona emva kwexesha.
Ukuvavanya ukungena ngaphakathi umgangatho wesoftware Kuyimfuneko ukuseka ezinye iimetwork zenjongo (ngenxa yoko kungaphaya kweemfuno zokusebenza, subjential, ifunwa yinkampani).
Ukungazi ukuba zeziphi izinto ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa imveliso kuthetha ukungakwazi ukuba nolwazi ngayo inani. Kwakhona, sifuna ukwenza uluhlu kuqala Ukuphonononga izisombululo ezizezinye: siya kuyisebenzisa njengemitha ngexesha lolonyulo.
Kukho uncwadi olubanzi malunga nesihloko: enyanisweni, chwetheza nje injini yokukhangela "Umgangatho wesoftware" Ukufumana izithuba kunye neencwadi malunga nesihloko. Indawo yokuqala eluncedo lilizwi WikipediaUluhlu iseti lweeparamitha zangaphandle (okt malunga nomgangatho oqondwe ngumsebenzisi), ukuvavanya umgangatho wesisombululo esiya kufunyanwa. Phakathi kwezi: ukuchaneka, ukuthembeka, ukomelela, ukusebenza kakuhle. Kodwa kwakhona ingaphakathi, inokuqinisekiswa liqela developers: Ugcinakalo
Kule meko iqela lithatha isigqibo isalathiso esiphambili seeparamitha ezahlukeneyoUmzekelo, ulawulo lwenkampani, olunombono wesicwangciso seprojekthi, unokubaluleka ngokubaluleka kwesoftware. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, kwesi sigaba sokukhethwa kwesoftware, kulungile ukwazi uluvo lwe ukusebenza okusemgangathweni yenkampani (apho ikhoyo).
Umahluko osisiseko: ngaphambi kokuqala kothethathethwano kufuneka ube ucinga ibhajethi Iyonke into onayo ukufunyanwa kwesoftware (zombini isoftware ngokwayo kunye neendleko zeyure yendoda eziyimfuneko kumsebenzi wokhetho). Ukuseta isibalo esinyanisekayo, abanye sele benophawu lwezisombululo ezazifunyenwe ngaphambili yinkampani, abanye baxhomekeka kwilizwi lomlomo phakathi kwabalingane abakwicandelo elinye (okanye kwiqela elifanayo lemizi-mveliso). Ukujonga ukuba yimalini echithwe ngaphambili kwizisombululo ezifanayo yenza inkqubo yokukhetha isoftware.
"Kuya kufuneka ube ucinga ngohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho lonke olukho kulo ukufunyanwa kwesoftware: jonga ukuba ingakanani inkcitho esele ichithwe kwizisombululo ezifanayo kusenzelwa inkqubo yokhetho lwesoftware "
Ewe kunjalo, ixabiso lentengo yesoftware yenqanaba lesiphumo sesiphumo kungekuphela nje komgangatho wayo wokungena ngaphakathi, kodwa nakumsebenzi owenziwe ngumthengisi ukuyila nokuyiphuhlisa: ukulungisa iindleko, kukho iindlela eziguqukayo zokufumana (siya kubona kwinqanaba 6).
Akusoze kubekho nto ithethwayo malunga nayo: zonke iinkampani zizifumana zisebenza inani elikhulayo ledatha inxulumene neshishini kunye nabathengi bayo. Kwangelo xesha, Siyazi ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje inani labantu liye landa ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kwiziko ledatha yenkampani. Ukukhusela ulwazi lwakho luxanduva oluthe ngqo nolungenakuthintelwa kwabo bayilawulayo.
Omnye wemisebenzi yabo baqhuba uthethathethwano ke uya kuba wazi ukhuseleko olubekwe ngumboneleli. Okwangoku, ulwazi olusisiseko lweengozi kunye nezisombululo alunakukhathaza: i Umphathi wesebe le-ICT uya kuba nako ukwazisa abafowunelwa yinkampani ngazo zombini ezi zinto.
Yenza isigqibo sokuba ufuna isisombululo efini (kwisibonelelo esikude) okanye ngokusemgangathweni (efakwe kwiiseva zenkampani) ayisiyo quirk kuphela: uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye nohlobo lolawulo lwedatha olunempembelelo yalo ngqo ilawulwa njani isoftware.
Kubaphathi abaninzi, enye kwisisombululo sendlu isanxulunyaniswa nembono yozinzo nolawulo: nangona kunjalo, olona tyalo mali lukhulu luza kuqwalaselwa. Kwelinye icala, ilifu Iguquguquka ngakumbi kwaye ayibizi kakhulu ngokwemeko yamaxabiso, kodwa ifuna ukuba umthengisi anike iziqinisekiso ezikhulu ngakumbi malunga nokhuseleko lwedatha kunye nokusebenza kwesiteshi (okt isantya sokuhambisa kunye nokwenza inkqubo).
Indlela iindleko eziqwalaselwa ngayo ikwatshintsha: ixabiso lasesisekelweni ngokubanzi lisisiseko sentlawulo ilayisensi, iindleko zokwenza ngokwezifiso, ukuseta kokuqala, iindleko zolondolozo ezilandelayo kunye nokunye. Ilifu yimodeli hlawula ngokusetyenziswa: isiqhamo esikhulu, ngaphezulu iindleko. Ngokwesiqhelo, kwimodi yelifu, zonke iindleko ezenza iindleko ziye ziguqulwe zibe yimali ebiza imali, zihlala ziphantsi (ngokuthelekisa ukuzibophelela kwisivumelwano seminyaka emininzi, rhoqo ukusuka kwiminyaka emithathu kuye kwemihlanu).
Ingabonakala iyinto ethandabuzekayo, kodwa kubonakala kuphela: uluhlu olulungileyo lokujonga izinto esizilindeleyo esizibeka kwisisombululo esitsha ... asihoyi Uhlalutyo lwesoftware ekufuneka itshintshiwe. Ewe, asithethi ngemeko yokufakwa okokuqala.
Uluhlu oluhle lokujonga izinto ezilindelekileyo esizibeka kwisisombululo esitsha ... alihoyi Uhlalutyo lwesoftware ekufuneka itshintshiwe"
Okokuqala, injongo kukubonisa i ubuthathaka: Ngaba ziimpawu ezizodwa ezikhokelele ekubeni sikhangele imveliso eyahlukileyo. Nokuba ubudala besoftware kunye nonyango olunobungqwabalala ngokufanayo lunokubonakalisa ukuba sisenzo esingalunganga.
Nangona kunjalo, kusenokufuneka nokuba sibhale phantsi ezinye amandla: akutshiwo, enyanisweni, ukuba ulawulo lwenkqubo ngesisombululo esidala lwalungaphelelanga kuwo onke amabakala.
Kwaye ngeli xesha lohlalutyo, kuluncedo ukwenza umsebenzi owabelweyo: ulwazi olusebenzayo e ulwazi lobugcisa zihamba kunye kwaye zombini zenza igalelo kuhlolo lomgangatho lwesoftware. Nokuba yeyokutshintsha!
Ngokwam, ndicinga ukuba xa isoftware ingasenakulunga ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyongxaki yabo benze ukhetho ngelo xesha. nje intengiso itshintshile kwaye loo software ayiphenduli kwiimfuno zeshishini elitsha. Kungenxa yeso sizathu le meko ukuqhelisela ukuqhubekeka ukukhokelela kwi refactoring izicelo eziqhubekayo.
I-Autore Paolo Ravalli
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