Dhizaina Mapeteni Vs SOLID misimboti, zvakanakira uye zvazvakaipira

Dhizaini mapatani ndeaya akadzika-mwero mhinduro kumatambudziko anodzokororwa mukugadzira software.

Dhizaini mapatani zvigadziriso zvinogona kushandiswa kune akawanda mapurojekiti.

Inofungidzirwa nguva yekuverenga: 5 minuti

Misiyano mikuru pakati peKugadzira Pateni uye SOLID nheyo

1. Design pattern:
   • Chaiyo Mhinduro: Magadzirirwo edhizaini akasarudzika, akaderera-nhanho mhinduro kumatambudziko anodzokororwa mukugadzira software.
   • Tsanangudzo Yekuita: Ipai kongiri yekumisikidza nhungamiro yekugadzirisa zvakajairwa-yakatarisana nehurongwa hwekuita matambudziko.
   • Mienzaniso: Mamwe maitiro anozivikanwa ekugadzira anosanganisira Singleton, Factory Method, uye Adapter mapatani.
   • Chengetedzo: Magadzirirwo emagadzirirwo anoedzwa uye anogamuchirwa zvakanyanya nenharaunda, achiita kuti ave akachengeteka kutevera.
2. SOLID nheyo:
   • General Guidelines: Iyo SOLID misimboti nhungamiro yepamusoro-soro inozivisa yakanaka software dhizaini.
   • Scalable architecture: Ivo vanotarisa pane scalability, kuchengetedza, uye kuverenga.
   • Haina kusungwa kumutauro: SOLID misimboti haina kusungwa kune chero chaiyo programming mutauro.
   • Mienzaniso:
     • Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): Kirasi inofanira kuva nechikonzero chimwe chete chekuchinja.
     • Vhura/kuvhara musimboti (OCP): Zvishandiso zveSoftware zvinofanirwa kuvhurika kuti zviwedzere asi zvakavharwa kuti zvigadziriswe.
     • Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Subtypes dzinofanirwa kutsiviwa nemhando dzadzo dzepasi.
     • Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): Vatengi havafanirwe kumanikidzwa kutsamira pane nzvimbo dzavasingashandise.
     • Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): High-level modules haifaniri kutsamira pane yakaderera-level modules; ese ari maviri anofanirwa kutsamira pane abstractions.

Muchidimbu, dhizaini mapatani anopa chaiwo mhinduro, nepo SOLID misimboti ichipa yakajairika nhungamiro yezviri nani software dhizaini

Zvakanakira Kushandisa Dhizaini Mapeteni

• Reusability: Dhizaini mapatani zvigadziriso zvinogona kushandiswa kune akawanda mapurojekiti. Nekushandisa mapatani akasimbiswa, vanogadzira vanochengetedza nguva uye kushanda nesimba, sezvo vasingade kudzoreredza vhiri kune zvakajairika matambudziko.
• Defichirongwa chekuvaka: Maitiro ekugadzira anobatsira defikunatsa mavakirwo esoftware system. Vanopa nzira yakarongeka yekugadzirisa matambudziko ekugadzira, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kuchengetedza.
• Flessibilità: Matemplate anobvumira kuchinjika mukuenderana nekuchinja zvinodiwa. Kana maficha matsva kana shanduko ichidikanwa, vagadziri vanogona kugadzirisa kana kuwedzera matemplate aripo pasina kukanganisa sisitimu yese.

Kuipa kwekushandisa Dhizaini Pateni

• Kudzidza curve: Kunzwisisa uye kushandisa maitiro ekugadzira kunoda ruzivo uye ruzivo. Vagadziri veNovice vanogona kuwana zvakaoma kunzwisisa pfungwa uye kusarudza iyo chaiyo modhi yedambudziko rakapihwa.
• Kushandisa zvakanyanya: Kuva nemaitiro ekugadzira ari nyore kunogona kutungamirira kune pfungwa isiriyo yekuti matambudziko ese anogona kugadziriswa uchishandisa maitiro aripo. Kunyanya kushandisa matemplate kunogona kudzikamisa kusika uye kutadzisa kutsvaga zviri nani, zvine hutsva mhinduro.
• Kuoma kunzwisisa- Mamwe mapatani ekugadzira anosuma yakawedzera kuomarara muiyo kodhi base. Vagadziri vanofanira kuwana chiyero pakati pekushandisa mapatani zvinobudirira uye kuita kodhi inonzwisisika.

Muchidimbu, mapatani ekugadzira anopa zvakakosha zvakakosha maererano nekushandiswazve, kuvaka uye kuchinjika, asi kushandiswa kwavo kunofanirwa kuve nehungwaru kudzivirira kuoma kusingakoshi uye kukurudzira hunyanzvi.

Muenzaniso weKugadzira Patani muLaravel: Singleton

Iyo Singleton dhizaini pateni inovimbisa kuti kirasi ine chiitiko chimwe chete uye inopa imwechete poindi yekupinda. MuLaravel, iyi modhi inowanzo shandiswa kubata zviwanikwa senge database yekubatanidza kana zvigadziriso.

Heino muenzaniso wekutanga wekuitwa kweSingleton pateni muPHP:

<?php
kirasi Singleton {
yakavanzika static $ chiitiko = null;

yakavanzika basa __kuvaka() {
// Muvaki wega kuti adzivise kufungidzira kwakananga
}

public static basa getInstance(): self {
kana (isina === pachako ::$chimiro) {
self ::$chiitiko = new self();
}
return self::$muenzaniso;
}

// Dzimwe nzira uye zvivakwa zvinogona kuwedzerwa pano
}

// Kushandisa:
$singletonInstance = Singleton ::getInstance();
// Iye zvino une muenzaniso mumwechete wekirasi yeSingleton

// Muenzaniso kushandiswa muLaravel:
$ database = DB :: kubatana ('mysql');
// Dzora chiitiko chekubatanidza database (singleton)

Mumuenzaniso kodhi:

• Iyo Singleton kirasi ine yakavanzika muvaki kudzivirira yakananga instantiation;
• Iyo getInstance () nzira inovimbisa kuti imwe chete muenzaniso yekirasi iripo;
• Iwe unogona kuwedzera dzimwe nzira uye zvivakwa kukirasi yeSingleton sezvinodiwa;

Iyo Laravel sevhisi mudziyo inoshandisawo iyo Singleton pateni kubata kutsamira kwekirasi uye kuita jekiseni rekutsamira. Kana iwe ukashanda mukati meLaravel, funga kushandisa mudziyo wayo webasa uye kunyoresa kirasi yako neanopa masevhisi kune mamwe epamusoro ekushandisa kesi.

Ercole Palmeri