Tsim Qauv Vs SOLID cov qauv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Cov qauv tsim yog cov kev daws teeb meem qis rau cov teeb meem rov tshwm sim hauv software tsim.

Cov qauv tsim yog cov kev daws teeb meem rov qab siv tau uas tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov haujlwm.

Lub sijhawm nyeem ntawv kwv yees: 5 minuti

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Cov Qauv Tsim thiab SOLID cov qauv

1. Tsim qauv:
   • Cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb: Cov qauv tsim yog qhov tshwj xeeb, cov kev daws teeb meem qis rau cov teeb meem rov tshwm sim hauv software tsim.
   • Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm: Muab cov lus qhia ua kom tiav rau kev daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv-oriented programming.
   • Piv txwv: Qee cov qauv tsim qauv zoo xws li Singleton, Factory Method, thiab Adapter qauv.
   • Kev Nyab Xeeb: Cov qauv tsim tau raug sim thiab lees txais los ntawm cov zej zog, ua rau lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb ua raws.
2. SOLID cov ntsiab lus:
   • Cov Lus Qhia dav dav: Cov ntsiab lus SOLID yog cov lus qhia qib siab uas qhia txog kev tsim software zoo.
   • Scalable architecture: Lawv tsom rau scalability, tuav tswj, thiab nyeem tau.
   • Tsis khi rau hom lus: SOLID cov ntsiab lus tsis raug khi rau ib hom lus tshwj xeeb.
   • Piv txwv:
     • Ib Txoj Cai Lij Choj Ib Leeg (SRP): Ib chav kawm yuav tsum muaj ib qho laj thawj los hloov.
     • Qhib / kaw hauv paus ntsiab lus (OCP): Cov chaw software yuav tsum qhib rau txuas ntxiv tab sis kaw rau kev hloov kho.
     • Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): Subtypes yuav tsum hloov tau nrog lawv cov hom hauv paus.
     • Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): Cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob raug yuam kom nyob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam uas lawv tsis siv.
     • Kev vam meej Inversion Principle (DIP): High-level modules yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ntawm qib qis modules; ob leeg yuav tsum nyob ntawm abstractions.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov qauv tsim muaj cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb, thaum SOLID cov ntsiab lus muab cov lus qhia dav dav rau kev tsim software zoo dua

Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv cov qauv tsim

• Reusability: Cov qauv tsim yog cov kev daws teeb meem uas tuaj yeem siv tau rau ntau qhov haujlwm. Los ntawm kev siv cov qauv tsim, cov neeg tsim khoom txuag lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog, vim lawv tsis tas yuav rov tsim lub log rau cov teeb meem tshwm sim.
• Defikev kawm ntawm architecture: Cov qauv tsim pab defirefine lub architecture ntawm lub software system. Lawv muab ib txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem tsim tshwj xeeb, ua kom muaj kev sib luag thiab kev ruaj ntseg.
• Flessibilità: Cov qauv tso cai rau kev hloov pauv raws li kev xav tau. Thaum xav tau cov yam ntxwv tshiab lossis hloov pauv, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem hloov kho lossis txuas ntxiv cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv cov qauv tsim

• Kev kawm nkhaus: Nkag siab thiab siv cov qauv tsim yuav tsum muaj kev paub thiab kev paub. Novice developers yuav pom tias nws nyuaj rau nkag siab cov ntsiab lus thiab xaiv tus qauv tsim nyog rau qhov teeb meem muab.
• Kev siv ntau dhau: Muaj cov qauv tsim qauv yooj yim tuaj yeem ua rau kev nkag siab yuam kev tias txhua yam teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm. Kev siv ntau dhau ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem txwv kev muaj tswv yim thiab cuam tshuam rau kev tshawb nrhiav kom zoo dua, kev daws teeb meem tshiab.
• nyuaj- Qee cov qauv tsim qhia txog qhov nyuaj ntxiv rau hauv lub hauv paus code. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum nrhiav qhov sib npaug ntawm kev siv cov qauv kom zoo thiab ua kom nkag siab cov cai.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov qauv tsim muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev rov siv dua, kev tsim vaj tsev thiab hloov pauv, tab sis lawv cov kev siv yuav tsum txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov nyuaj thiab txhawb kev muaj tswv yim.

Piv txwv ntawm Design Pattern hauv Laravel: Singleton

Tus qauv tsim Singleton xyuas kom meej tias ib chav kawm tsuas muaj ib qho piv txwv thiab muab ib qho chaw nkag. Hauv Laravel, tus qauv no feem ntau siv los tswj cov peev txheej xws li kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis kev teeb tsa.

Nov yog ib qho piv txwv yooj yim ntawm Singleton qauv siv hauv PHP:

<?php
chav kawm Singleton {
tus kheej static $instance = null;

private function __construct() {
// Private constructor tiv thaiv ncaj qha instantiation
}

pej xeem zoo li qub muaj nuj nqi getInstance(): tus kheej {
yog tias (null === tus kheej::$ piv txwv) {
self::$instance = new self();
}
rov qab tus kheej::$ piv txwv;
}

// Lwm txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem ntxiv ntawm no
}

// Kev siv:
$singletonInstance = Singleton::getInstance();
// Tam sim no koj muaj ib qho piv txwv ntawm Singleton chav kawm

// Piv txwv kev siv hauv Laravel:
$database = DB::connection('mysql');
// Retrieve ib database txuas piv txwv (singleton)

Nyob rau hauv tus qauv code:

• Cov chav kawm Singleton muaj tus tsim tus kheej los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha;
• Txoj kev getInstance() lav tias tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm chav kawm muaj;
• Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv lwm txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom rau hauv chav kawm Singleton raws li xav tau;

Lub thawv pabcuam Laravel kuj tseem siv tus qauv Singleton los tswj cov kev nyob hauv chav kawm thiab ua qhov kev vam khom. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv Laravel, xav txog kev siv nws lub thawv pabcuam thiab sau npe rau koj chav kawm nrog tus muab kev pabcuam rau kev siv ntau dua.

Ercole Palmeri