Kuyini ukuhlelela okwedlulele (i-XP) ?, kusekelwe kuziphi izimiso, izimiso nezindlela zokwenza

Ujwayelene nezinhlelo, kodwa i-Extreme Programming (i-XP kafushane) iseyimpicabadala kuwe.

Ungavumeli igama likuthukuthelise, uzifaka engozini yokulahlekelwa ulwazi oluwusizo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizofaka konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-Extreme Programming ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisela inzuzo yakho.

Kuyini uhlelo oludlulele (XP)?

Ukuhlela okudlulele kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe eyingxenye yalokho okwaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi izindlela ze-agile. I-XP yakhelwe phezu kwamagugu, izimiso nezinqubo, futhi umgomo wayo uwukuvumela amaqembu amancane naphakathi ukuthi akhiqize isofthiwe yekhwalithi ephezulu futhi azivumelanise nezimfuneko ezishintshayo neziguqukayo.

Okuhlukanisa i-XP kwezinye izindlela ezidala ukuthi i-XP igcizelela izici zobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Uhlelo oludlulele lunembe ngendlela onjiniyela abasebenza ngayo njengokulandela izinqubo zobunjiniyela kuvumela amaqembu ukuthi alethe ikhodi yekhwalithi ephezulu ngejubane elizinzile.

Ukuhlela okwedlulele, ngamafuphi nje, imikhuba emihle eyenziwa ngokweqisa. Njengoba ukuhlela ngababili kuhle, masikwenze ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengoba ukuhlola kusenesikhathi kuhle, sihlola ngaphambi kokuthi ikhodi yokukhiqiza ibhalwe.

Ngabe uhlelo oludlulele (i-XP) lusebenza kanjani?

I-XP, ngokungafani nezinye izindlela, isekelwe kumagugu nezimiso ezibalulekile nezibalulekile, ngokwezinqubo zobunjiniyela.

Amanani ahlinzeka inhloso emaqenjini. Basebenza "njengenkanyezi yasenyakatho" ukuze baqondise izinqumo zakho ezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, amanani ayinto engabonakali futhi ayicacile kakhulu ekuqondiseni okuthile. Isibonelo: Ukuthi uyakwazisa ukuxhumana kungaholela emiphumeleni eminingi ehlukene.

Imikhuba, ngomqondo othile, iphambene nezindinganiso. Ziwukhonkolo futhi ziphansi emhlabeni, defiukubeka imininingwane yalokho okumele ukwenze. Imikhuba isiza amaqembu ukuthi aziphendulele ngamavelu. Isibonelo, ukwenziwa kwezindawo zokusebenza zolwazi kukhuthaza ukuxhumana okusobala nokulula.

Izimiso ziyiziqondiso eziqondene nesizinda ezivala igebe phakathi kwemikhuba namagugu.

Amanani we-Extreme Programming XP

Amagugu e-XP: ukuxhumana, ubulula, impendulo, isibindi nenhlonipho. Ake sibheke ngayinye yazo ngokuningiliziwe.

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ukuxhumana: Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kuvimbela ulwazi ukuthi lugeleze phakathi kweqembu. Ngokuvamile, lapho kunenkinga, othile useyazi ukuthi ayilungiswa kanjani. Kodwa ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana kuyabavimbela ukuba bafunde ngenkinga noma babe nengxenye esixazululo sayo. Ngakho, inkinga igcina isixazululiwe kabili, idala imfucuza.

Ubulula: Ubulula buthi uhlale ulwela ukwenza into elula esebenzayo. Imvamisa ayiqondwa kahle futhi ithathwe njengento elula, isikhathi, indiva ingxenye "esebenzayo".

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ubulula bunomongo kakhulu. Okulula eqenjini elilodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kwelinye futhi kuncike ngokuphelele emakhono, isipiliyoni kanye nolwazi lweqembu ngalinye.

Impendulo: Impendulo ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ezivamile ngokuvamile “incane kakhulu, sekwephuze kakhulu”.

I-XP, nokho, yamukela ushintsho futhi amaqembu e-XP alwela ukuthola impendulo efika ngesikhathi neqhubekayo. Uma kudingeka ukulungiswa kwesifundo, ama-Xpers afuna ukwazi ngokushesha okukhulu.

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Impendulo iza ngezindlela eziningi namasayizi. Uma wenza izinhlelo ezibambisene, ukuphawula kozakwenu kuyimpendulo ebalulekile. Injalo nemibono yamanye amalungu eqembu ngombono, okuhlanganisa nekhasimende, okuyilunga leqembu.

Izivivinyo zingomunye umthombo wempendulo ebalulekile edlula imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ukuthi ukubhala izivivinyo kulula noma kunzima, kanjalo nempendulo. Uma unenkinga yokubhala izivivinyo, iphrojekthi yakho cishe iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lalela impendulo futhi uqondise umklamo wakho.

Okuthile okuzwakala njengombono omuhle kungase kungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni. Ngakho-ke, ikhodi eqediwe futhi ingumthombo wempendulo, njengomkhiqizo osabalalisiwe.

Okokugcina, khumbula ukuthi kunempendulo eminingi kakhulu. Uma iqembu likhiqiza impendulo engaphezu kwalokho elingakwazi ukuyiphatha, impendulo ebalulekile ingase iwele ku-radar. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi wehlise ijubane futhi uthole ukuthi yini edala impendulo eyeqile bese uyilungisa.

Isibindi: Kent Beck defiisibindi sivela "njengesenzo esisebenzayo lapho ubhekene nokwesaba". Njengonjiniyela wesoftware, kuningi okufanele ukwesabe ngakho-ke inamathuba amaningi okukhombisa isibindi.

Kudinga isibindi ukukhuluma iqiniso, ikakhulukazi elingajabulisi, njengezilinganiso eziqotho. Ukunikeza nokwamukela impendulo nakho kudinga isibindi. Futhi kudinga isibindi ukugwema ukuwela enkingeni yezindleko ezishisiwe futhi ulahle isixazululo esihlulekayo esithole ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.

Inhlonipho: Isisekelo esiyisisekelo se-XP ukuthi wonke umuntu uyawukhathalela umsebenzi wakhe. Abukho ubungcweti bezobuchwepheshe obungasindisa iphrojekthi uma kungekho ukunakekelwa nenhlonipho.

Wonke umuntu ufanelwe isithunzi nenhlonipho, futhi lokho kubandakanya, vele, abantu abahilelekile kuphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe. Uma wena namalungu eqembu lakho nihloniphana futhi ninakekelana, iklayenti, iphrojekthi kanye nabasebenzisi bayo besikhathi esizayo, wonke umuntu uyazuza

Izimiso ze-Extreme Programming XP

Izimiso zinikeza isiqondiso esicace kakhulu kunamanani. Ziyiziqondiso ezikhanyisa amanani futhi ziwenze acace kakhudlwana futhi angadideki kancane.

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Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusekelwe ekubalulekeni kwesibindi kuphela, ungase uphethe ngokuthi kutuseka ukwenza ushintsho olukhulu esimisweni sakho ngokushesha. Nokho, isimiso se-Baby Steps sisitshela ukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu ziyingozi. Ngakho-ke, khetha ezincane kunalokho.

Ubuntu: Abantu badalela abantu isoftware, okuyiqiniso elivame ukunganakwa. Kodwa ukucabangela izidingo eziyisisekelo zomuntu, amandla kanye nobuthakathaka kwakha imikhiqizo abantu abafuna ukuyisebenzisa. Futhi indawo yokusebenza ekunikeza ithuba lokwaneliseka nokukhula, umuzwa wokuba nengxenye kanye nokulondeka okuyisisekelo, iyindawo lapho ucabangela kalula izidingo zabanye.

Ezomnotho: Ku-XP, amaqembu ahlala enaka amaqiniso ezomnotho okuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ahlala ehlola ubungozi bezomnotho nezidingo zephrojekthi.

Isibonelo, bazosebenzisa izindaba zabasebenzisi ngokusekelwe kunani lebhizinisi labo kunokukhathazeka ngobuchwepheshe.

Inzuzo efanayo: Ngemva kwe-XP, ugwema izixazululo ezizuzisa ingxenye eyodwa ngezindleko zomunye. Isibonelo, ukucaciswa okunwetshiwe kungasiza omunye umuntu ukuthi akuqonde, kodwa kukuphazamisa ekukusebenziseni futhi kulibambezele kubasebenzisi bakho.

Isixazululo esizuzisayo siwukusebenzisa ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kokwamukela. Thola impendulo esheshayo ekusebenziseni kwakho, ontanga yakho bathola imininingwane enembile ngekhodi, futhi abasebenzisi bathola izici zabo kuqala. Futhi, nonke nizoba nenethi yokuphepha ngokumelene nokuhlehla.

Inzuzo (Inzuzo Ehlangene): Uma isisombululo esinikeziwe sisebenza ezingeni elilodwa, singase futhi sisebenze ezingeni eliphezulu noma eliphansi. Isibonelo, ukuthola impendulo kusenesikhathi futhi njalo kusengozini ngamazinga ahlukahlukene ku-XP.

• ezingeni lonjiniyela, abahleli bezinhlelo bathola impendulo emsebenzini wabo besebenzisa indlela yokuhlola yokuqala;
• ezingeni leqembu, ipayipi lokuhlanganisa eliqhubekayo lihlanganisa, lakha, futhi lihlole ikhodi izikhathi eziningi ngosuku;
• Ngokwenhlangano, imijikelezo yamasonto onke neyekota ivumela amaqembu ukuthi athole impendulo futhi athuthukise umsebenzi wawo njengoba kudingeka.

Ukuthuthukiswa: Ngokuvumelana nomgomo wokuthuthukisa, amaqembu awahlosile ukwenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala, kodwa ukuqaliswa okuhle ngokwanele, bese ngokuqhubekayo akufunde futhi akuthuthukise ngempendulo evela kubasebenzisi bangempela.

Ukuhlukahluka: Wena nozakwenu niyazuza emibonweni eyahlukene, amakhono nezimo zengqondo. Ukwehluka okunjalo kuvame ukuholela ezingxabanweni, kodwa lokho kulungile.

Ukungqubuzana nokungavumelani amathuba emibono engcono evela lapho wonke umuntu edlala ngezindinganiso zesibindi nenhlonipho. Isibindi sokuveza imibono ephikisanayo, inhlonipho ekuyivezeni ngendlela yobuntu nezwelayo. Futhi konke lokhu kuwumsebenzi wokuxhumana ophumelelayo.

Ukuzindla: Amaqembu amakhulu azindla ngomsebenzi wawo futhi ahlaziye ukuthi angaba ngcono kanjani. I-XP inikeza amathuba amaningi alokhu. Hhayi nje emijikelezweni yayo yamasonto onke kanye nekota, kodwa kukho konke ukuzijwayeza iyakhuthaza.

Imizwa ibalulekile ukucatshangelwa ngaphezu kokuhlaziya okunengqondo. Amathumbu akho angakwazisa ngaphambi kokuthi ucabange nganoma yini. Futhi ukuze akwazi ukukhuluma nabantu abangewona ezobuchwepheshe, bangabuza imibuzo evula amathuba amasha ngokuphelele.

Ukugeleza: Izindlela zendabuko zokuthuthukisa isofthiwe zinezigaba ezihlukile, ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi zibe nethuba elincane lempendulo nokulungiswa kwezifundo. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ku-XP kwenzeka emisebenzini eyenzeka ngokuqhubekayo, "ekugelezeni" okungaguquki kwevelu.

Ithuba: Izinkinga azigwemeki ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware. Nokho, yonke inkinga iyithuba lokuthuthuka. Funda ukuzibheka ngale ndlela futhi maningi amathuba okuthi uqhamuke nezixazululo zokudala nezigxile emigomweni ezisiza futhi ukuvimbela ukuthi zingenzeki futhi.

I-redundancy: Umgomo wokuchithwa kwemisebenzi uthi uma inkinga ethile ibucayi, kufanele usebenzise amaqhinga amaningi ukulwa nayo.

Thatha amaphutha. Alikho iqhinga elilodwa elingavimbela wonke amaphutha ekuphunyukeni ekukhiqizeni.

Ngakho isixazululo se-XP siwukunqwabelanisa isethi yezilinganiso zekhwalithi. Bhanqa izinhlelo, ukuhlola, ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo. Ngamunye umugqa owodwa wokuzivikela, ndawonye udonga cishe olungangeneki.

Ukwehluleka: ukwehluleka akukona ukumosha lapho kuhumusha ulwazi. Ukuthatha isinyathelo nokufunda ngokushesha ukuthi yini engasebenzi kukhiqiza kakhulu kunokungenzi okubangelwa ukungazinqumeli lapho ukhetha phakathi kwezinketho eziningi.

qualità: Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi kukhona ukudideka phakathi kwekhwalithi nesivinini.

Ngenye indlela: ukuphusha ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yilokho okwenza uhambe ngokushesha.

Isibonelo, ukwenza kabusha—ukushintsha ukwakheka kwekhodi ngaphandle kokushintsha ukuziphatha kwayo—umkhuba owenza ikhodi iqondeke kalula futhi ishintshe. Ngenxa yalokho, mancane amathuba okuthi wethule izinkinga zekhodi, okukuvumela ukuthi ulethe inani elengeziwe kuqala ngokungalungisi iziphazamisi.

Izinyathelo ezincane: Izinguquko ezinkulu ziyingozi. I-XP inciphisa leyo ngozi ngokwenza izinguquko ngezinyathelo ezincane, kuwo wonke amazinga.

Abahleli babhala ikhodi ngezinyathelo ezincane besebenzisa intuthuko eqhutshwa ukuhlolwa. Bahlanganisa ikhodi yabo kumugqa omkhulu izikhathi eziningi ngosuku, esikhundleni salokho nje emavikini ambalwa noma ngisho izinyanga. Iphrojekthi ngokwayo yenzeka ngemijikelezo emifushane kunezigaba ezihlala isikhathi eside.

Isibopho samukelwe: Ku-XP, umthwalo wemfanelo kufanele wamukelwe, ungalokothi unikezwe.

Ukuziphendulela kufanele kuze negunya lokuthatha izinqumo mayelana nokuthi yini obhekene nayo. Okuphambene nakho kuyiqiniso. Awufuni abantu bathathe izinqumo uma kungadingeki baphile nemiphumela yabo.

Ukufana kanye Nomehluko ngezindlela zendabuko nezingasheshi

Ukuhlela okwedlulele, okuyindlela eguquguqukayo, kungamukelwa futhi kuqalwe ukukusebenzisa ngaphandle kokulandela izinhlelo eziqinile. Lona umklamo ophindaphindayo kunephrojekthi enkulu yokuqala.

I-XP ihluke kakhulu ezindleleni zendabuko, okungukuthi i-cascading, ukugwema izigaba ezihlala isikhathi eside.

• Esikhundleni sesigaba sokuhlela, ku-XP uhlela ekuqaleni komjikelezo ngamunye wokuthuthuka ovame ukuba yisonto kuphela ubude.
• Esikhundleni sokuhlola iziqephu, hlola uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka: okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuthi ikhodi yangempela isetshenziswe.
• Esikhundleni sokukhipha izici zodwa phakathi nezigaba zokusetshenziswa ezinde bese uzama kanzima ukuhlanganisa iminikelo yakho ku-mainline, usebenza ngeziqephu ezincane futhi uzihlanganise kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ihluke kanjani i-XP kwezinye izindlela ezishesha kakhulu?

Uhlelo oludlulele, ngokwemvelo yalo, lufana kakhulu nezinye izindlela ezidala kodwa futhi luhlukile phakathi kwazo.

Iningi lezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa azisho okuningi, uma kukhona, mayelana nokuthi umsebenzi wenziwe kanjani. I-XP, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inombono omkhulu uma kukhulunywa ngalokhu futhi igcizelela kakhulu izinqubo zobunjiniyela besoftware.

I-Extreme Programming ngokumelene neScrum

I-Scrum wuhlaka lokusiza amaqembu akhe amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Isikram asisho ukuthi onjiniyela bawenza kanjani umsebenzi wabo. I-XP, njengoba kushiwo, igcizelela kakhulu izinqubo ezinhle zokuhlela.

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Futhi, i-XP ngokusobala imayelana nokuhlela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikram singasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi ezuza ngendlela ephindaphindayo.

I-XP yamukela izinguquko ezingxenyeni zayo. Amaqembu anikezwa amandla futhi aze agqugquzelwe ukuthi aguqule izinqubo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zawo ezithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Scrum Guide, imile kwelokuthi "Nakuba izingxenye zeScrum kuphela ezingasetshenziswa, umphumela awusona iScrum."

Futhi, i-Scrum wuhlaka oludinga ukuhambisana nezindlela nezinqubo ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusebenza ezinhlelweni ezeqisayo kanye neScrum kunconywa kakhulu.

Izindima nezibopho

Ngokuka-Kent Beck, ithimba le-XP elivuthiwe akufanele linikeze izindima eziqinile, kodwa qaphela ukuthi izindima zingaba usizo emaqenjini asafufusa aze aqale ukwehlisa ijubane noma enze ukubambisana kube nzima.

Ake sibheke izindima ezibalulekile:

• Ikhasimende: Ngokufanelekile, ikhasimende kufanele libe sesayithi ukuze liphendule imibuzo, libeke phambili izidingo zabasebenzisi, noma lisize ngokuhlolwa kokwamukela. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, le ndima ingagcwaliswa omele amakhasimende.
• Abahleli bohlelo: Eqenjini le-XP, abahleli bezinhlelo balinganisela umzamo odingekayo ukuze kuqedelwe imisebenzi, ukubhala izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo, nokusebenzisa izindaba.
• umqeqeshi: akudingekile ukuba nomqeqeshi futhi kuyenzeka ufinyelele umgomo ngaphandle kokuba naye. Nokho, ukuba nomuntu onolwazi lwe-XP, ukuqeqesha iqembu kungaqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu eqembu alandela imikhuba, ayenze imikhuba, futhi awabuyeli ezindleleni zakudala.
• Tracker- I-tracker ilandelela amamethrikhi enqubekelaphambili yeqembu futhi ikhulume nelungu leqembu ngalinye ukuze likhombe izinkinga futhi lithole izisombululo. I-tracker ibala amamethrikhi abonisa ukuthi iqembu lenza kahle kangakanani, njengegrafu yesivinini nokushiswa, noma iqembu lisebenzisa isikram sedijithali noma ibhodi le-kanban elizibala ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Izindlela namasu

Lezi yizinqubo ezamukelwa ku-XP. Bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu: ubunjiniyela besoftware, indawo yokusebenza kanye nokuphathwa kwephrojekthi.

Ubunjiniyela besoftware

Bhanqa izinhlelo: Ku-XP, ubhala ikhodi ngababili uhlezi emshinini. Wena nombhangqwana wakho niyaxoxa njengoba nihlaziya, nisebenzisa, futhi nihlola isici osebenza ngaso. Ukubhanqa izinhlelo kuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ikhodi enezimbungulu ezimbalwa kuyilapho kusaheheka, kumnandi, futhi kukhathaza.

Umkhawulo wemizuzu eyishumi: Kuyadingeka Ivumela imizuzu eyi-10 ukwakha yonke iphrojekthi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa zonke izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo, ngemizuzu eyishumi umkhawulo. Lo mkhawulo owokugcina ukuhlola kulula futhi kusebenza kahle.

Izivivinyo ngaphambi kokuhlela: sebenzisa izici usebenzisa indlela yokuhlola yokuqala, ebizwa nangokuthi intuthuko eqhutshwa ukuhlolwa (TDD). I-TDD iqukethe ukuthuthukiswa kusetshenziswa inqubo elula yokuphindaphinda:

• bhala ikhodi ngemva kokwehluleka ukuhlolwa;
• bese, bhala ikhodi yokukhiqiza ukuze uphumelele isivivinyo;
• uma kudingeka, shintsha ikhodi yakho yokukhiqiza ukuze uyenze ihlanzeke futhi ibe lula ukuyiqonda.

I-TDD iletha izinzuzo eziningana.

Okokuqala, impendulo. Uma kunzima ukubhala isivivinyo, umklamo owufunayo noma owuzuze njengefa cishe uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi udinga ukuwenza ube lula.

Okwesibili, i-TDD ivumela abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthi bathembe ikhodi abayibhalayo futhi idale isigqi esihle sokufika lapho isinyathelo esilandelayo sihlala sicacile.

Okokugcina, ukusebenzisa i-TDD kusukela ekuqaleni kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwekhodi okungu-100%. I-test suite ibe-ke ibe inethiwekhi yokuphepha yezinguquko zesikhathi esizayo, ikhuthaze ukwenziwa kabusha kwekhodi nokudala umbuthano omuhle wekhwalithi.

Idizayini ekhuphukayo: Inkambiso yedizayini ekhuphukayo isho ukuthi udinga ukutshala edizayini yakho yohlelo nsuku zonke, ubheke amathuba okususa impinda futhi wenze ukuthuthukiswa okuncane ukuze uzuze umklamo ongcono kakhulu walokho okudingwa isistimu yakho namuhla.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo: Ku-XP, uhlanganisa umsebenzi wakho endaweni yokugcina okwabelwana ngayo izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku, okucupha ukwakhiwa okuzenzakalelayo kwalo lonke uhlelo. Ukuhlanganisa kusenesikhathi futhi kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlanganisa njengoba kwenza ukuhlanganisa nokungqubuzana okunengqondo mancane amathuba okuthi kwenzeke. Iphinde idalule izindaba zemvelo kanye nokulutheka.

Ikhodi eyabiwe (ubunikazi obuhlangene): I-XP iphromotha ikhodi eyabiwe, noma ubunikazi obuhlangene: unjiniyela ngamunye unesibopho sayo yonke ikhodi. Ikhuthaza ukushintshana ngolwazi, inciphisa isici sebhasi yeqembu futhi ikhuphule ikhwalithi iyonke yemojuli ngayinye uma sicabangela isimiso sokuhlukahluka.

I-CodeBase eyodwa: I-codebase eyodwa yaziwa nangokuthi "ukuthuthukiswa okusekelwe ku-trunk". Kusho ukuthi munye kuphela umthombo weqiniso. Ngakho esikhundleni sokuthuthuka wedwa isikhathi eside, hlanganisa iminikelo yakho ibe ukusakaza okukodwa kusenesikhathi futhi njalo. Amafulegi afakiwe asiza ukukhawulela ukusebenzisa kwakho izici aze aqede.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwansuku zonke: ukuthunyelwa ekukhiqizweni okungenani kanye ngosuku kuwumphumela onengqondo wokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo:. Eqinisweni, namuhla, amaqembu amaningi aqhubekela phambili futhi azilolonge ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenzisa. Okusho ukuthi, noma nini lapho othile ejoyina ulayini oyinhloko, isicelo sidluliselwa ekukhiqizweni.

Ikhodi nezivivinyo: Lo mkhuba usho ukuthi ikhodi yomthombo, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola, iwukuphela kwe-artifact engunaphakade yephrojekthi yesofthiwe. Ukuzibandakanya ekukhiqizeni ezinye izinhlobo zezinto zobuciko, okuhlanganisa amadokhumenti, ngokuvamile kuwukumosha ngoba akukhiqizi inani langempela lekhasimende.

Uma udinga amanye ama-artifact noma amadokhumenti, yenza umzamo wokuwakhiqiza ngekhodi yokukhiqiza nokuhlola.

Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yezimpande: Noma nini lapho iphutha lingena ekukhiqizweni, ungavele ulungise iphutha. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola ukuthi yini ebangele lokho kwasekuqaleni, kungani wena nozakwenu nehlulekile ukuvimbela ukushibilika. Bese, thatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi akwenzeki futhi.

Indawo yokusebenza

Hlalani ndawonye: Ku-XP, amaqembu ancamela ukusebenza ndawonye endaweni evulekile. Lo mkhuba ukhuthaza ukuxhumana kanye nomuzwa wokuba seqenjini.

Iqembu lonke: Wonke umuntu odingekayo ukuze kuphumelele iphrojekthi uyingxenye yethimba le-XP. Lokhu kunomongo - kuhlukile eqenjini ngalinye - futhi kunamandla, kungashintsha eqenjini.

Izindawo zokusebenza zolwazi: Indawo yokusebenza yolwazi isebenzisa indawo ebonakalayo yethimba ukuze ibonise ulwazi oluvumela noma ubani ukuthi azi, ngokubuka nje, ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi. Ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani kungahluka, kusukela kumanothi aphathekayo namagrafu kuya kuzithombe-skrini ezibonisa amabhodi e-Kanban namadeshibhodi avela kusofthiwe yokuphatha iphrojekthi.

Umsebenzi onikwe amandla: Ku-XP, usebenza kuphela inqobo nje uma ungenza umsebenzi onomdlandla. Amahora okusebenza kufanele akhawulelwe ku-40 ngesonto, umkhawulo.

Ukuphatha iphrojekthi

Analisi- Bhala izidingo zomsebenzisi ngefomethi eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlaziywa komsebenzisi. Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzisi kunegama elifushane, elichazayo kanye nencazelo emfushane yalokho okudingeka kusetshenziswe.

ukuxega: Lapho uhlela umjikelezo, engeza imisebenzi emincane iqembu elingayiyeka uma kunesidingo. Izindaba eziningi zingangezwa njalo uma iqembu liletha okuningi kakhulu.

Imijikelezo (nyanga zonke nangeviki): Ukuthuthukiswa ku-XP kwenzeka emijikelezweni emibili eyinhloko: umjikelezo wamasonto onke kanye nomjikelezo wanyanga zonke.

Imihlangano, imijikelezo, ukukhishwa okuhleliwe: Ukuthuthukiswa ku-XP kusebenza emijikelezweni emibili emikhulu: umjikelezo wamasonto onke kanye nomjikelezo wekota. Ekuqaleni, u-Kent Beck watusa umjikelezo wamasonto amabili, kodwa washintsha lokho oshicilelo lwesibili lwencwadi yakhe.

Umjikelezo wamasonto onke: umjikelezo wamasonto onke "ukushaya kwenhliziyo" kwephrojekthi ye-XP. Umjikelezo uqala ngomhlangano lapho iklayenti likhetha ukuthi yiziphi izindaba elifuna ukuziqamba phakathi nesonto. Ukwengeza, ithimba libuyekeza umsebenzi walo, okuhlanganisa ukuqhubeka kweviki eledlule, futhi licabanga ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa inqubo yabo.

Umjikelezo wanyanga zonke: Nyanga zonke, ithimba libonisa futhi likhombe amathuba okuthuthukisa inqubo yabo. Iklayenti likhetha itimu eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yaleyo nyanga, kanye nokuhlaziya kulezi timu.

Ungaqala kanjani ukusebenza ngohlelo oludlulele?
Amakhono obuchwepheshe kanye nemikhuba ye-XP kungaba nzima ukuyifunda. Eminye yemikhuba ingase ibonakale ingavamile kubahleli bezinhlelo abangayijwayele.

Ercole Palmeri