Ithini ifomethi ye-vector yezithombe futhi ingeyani

Uma uke wasebenza ngezithombe uzobe uhlangabezane nesicelo esisodwa isithombe ngefomethi ye-vector. Kodwa ingabe uyazi ngempela ukuthi iyini nokuthi isetshenziselwani?

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafayela esithombe

Ake siqale ngokwenza umehluko ezinhlotsheni zezithombe zedijithali bese sibona izici zefomethi ye-vector. Ngokuyisisekelo lezi zingaba izinhlobo ezimbili: i-raster noma i-vector.

Izithombe ze-Raster

Bathatha igama labo egameni lesiNgisi elithi "raster" elisho igridi. Eqinisweni, kuma-raster graphics, noma ama-bitmaps, isithombe sakhiwe igridi emise okwesikwele yamaphoyinti abizwa ngamaphikseli.

Iphikseli ngalinye lalawo maphikseli linolwazi oluthile lombala oluhlanganisa isithombe esithile. Iphrofayela yombala evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezithombeni ze-bitmap i-RGB ngoba iphrofayili esetshenziswa amakhadi ezithombe zekhompyutha ukuze enze isithombe ngokwaso esikrinini.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sesithombe se-raster ukulungiswa, okunikezwa inani lamaphikseli aqukethwe kuyunithi ethile yokulinganisa. I-intshi yesiNgisi (2,54 cm) kanye ne-Dot Per Inch (DPI) ratio isetshenziswa njengokujwayelekile. Uma iphezulu inombolo enikezwa yilesi silinganiso, iphakamisa ukucaca kwesithombe futhi ngenxa yalokho ikhwalithi efanayo.

Ukulungiswa okungu-300 dpi kuthathwa njengezinga lekhwalithi lokuphrinta okuhle, kuyilapho i-72 dpi yanele ukuthi izikrini zithole ikhwalithi enhle yokubuka.

Ngokusobala ukwehlisa usayizi wesithombe kuzokwandisa ukulungiswa kwaso, kanye nokusikhulisa kuzoba nesinqumo esiphansi sokuthola lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela wezinhlamvu, lowo lapho izikwele ngazinye zibonakala khona, njengasesithombeni esisekhanda lendima. .

Izithombe zeVector

Ihluzo zeVector zihluke kakhulu kuhluzo lwe-raster, kanjalo nezithombe. Eqinisweni, isekelwe kumajamo wejiyomethri afana nemigqa, amaphuzu, amajika namapholygoni ukuze kukhiqizwe isithombe kanye nezici ezithile zombala noma imithelela zibangelwa yilezi zimo.

Njengoba izithombe zevekhtha zakhiwe ngobujamo bejiyomethri, kungenzeka ukuba uzikhulise ngokungapheli ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa noma yikuphi ukuxazulula njengoba izimo ezifanayo zejometri zinezibalo zezibalo ngokwesisekelo.

Umehluko esikhaleni sediski esithathiwe ngomunye umehluko obalulekile: empeleni, izithombe ze-vector zithatha indawo encane kakhulu kune-raster ngoba ulwazi oluqukethwe esithombeni luphansi kakhulu, okwenza ukuguqulwa kube lula nakakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, isici esibi siwukuthi, ukuze uthole izithombe ze-vector ezinothe ngekhwalithi nemininingwane, njengesibonelo kudingekile ukwenza emkhakheni wezithombe ze-3D, imishini enamandla kakhulu nesofthiwe kuyadingeka. Noma okungenani esimweni samanje sobuchwepheshe.

Izinzuzo zesithombe se-vector

Ifomethi ye-vector, uma iqhathaniswa ne-raster, inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Lona umfanekiso scalable ngokungenamkhawulo: njengoba kushiwo yisinqumo esizimele; lokhu kusho izimo ezikhiqizwe ngokwezibalo zibalwe kabusha isikhathi ngasinye lapho usondeza noma usondeza ngaphandle.
Imibala yamafayela e-vector ithi kuhleleke ngokushesha futhi kalula; vele ukhethe umumo noma umugqa ozohamba ushintshe umbala onikezwe wona, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ushintshe usuka kombala owodwa uye kwenye, isibonelo usuka ku-RGB uye kuPantone.
Ungasebenza kulolu hlobo lwezithombe ngokubuka ngeso lengqondo izitsha zasemaceleni kuphela; ungavula futhi ukuvale kalula ukugcwalisa kuzo zonke izakhi ezakha isithombe ukuze zibonise imiphetho kuphela. Lolu uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lokubuka ngeso lengqondo ngoba likuvumela ukuthi ubone izakhi ezifihliwe futhi lenze kube lula ukuklama iziqondiso zemishini eyenza ukusikeka nokuqoshwa.

Izinhlobo zefayela leVector

Izithombe zedijithali ngefomethi ye-vector zibonakala ngokuthi izandiso ezithile futhi uma kufanele sisebenze nalolu hlobo lwezithombe masiqinisekise ukuthi silugcinile lolu hlobo lwefayela.

Amafomethi wesithombe se-vector abaluleke kakhulu yilawa:

• AI - I-Adobe I-Illustrator, ifomethi evamile ehambisana nezinhlelo ze-Adobe suite.
• I-EPS - I-Ecapsulated PostScript, enye ifomethi evamile yezithombe ze-vector ehambisana nezinhlelo ezinkulu ezifana ne-Illustrator noma i-Corel Draw.
• I-SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics, un nuovo formato adatto alle immagini vettoriali per la creazione di siti web.
• PDF - enye ifomethi ye-Adobe yokwabelana ngamadokhumenti, futhi ivumela ukugcinwa kwezithombe ze-vector.

Ifayela le-vector lisetshenziselwa ini?

Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezithombe usho ukuthi ifomethi ngayinye iyifanele kangcono injongo ethile. Kulokhu, amafayela e-vector ngenxa yezimpawu zawo, maningi ilungele ukuphrinta.

Okokuqala ziwusizo kakhulu ku design lobuchwepheshe, isibonelo ku-CAD nobunjiniyela.

Kodwa futhi ifomethi ebalulekile esetshenziswa abaklami bezithombe for the ukwakhiwa kwelogo kanye nezithombe ezididiyelwe ngoba lezi izinto ezingasetshenziswa kokubili ekhadini lebhizinisi kanye nasebhodini elikhulu lokukhangisa. Kodwa lolu hlobo lwefomethi lufaneleka kahle kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi ezophrintwa kumabhukwana, amaflaya, amabhodi ezikhangiso noma izithonjana zesoftware.

Ercole Palmeri