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Yintoni uVavanyo lweSoftware, kuthetha ukuthini ukuvavanya isoftware

Uvavanyo lweSoftware yiseti yeenkqubo eziyilelwe ukuphanda, ukuvavanya, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukugqibelela kunye nomgangatho wesoftware ebhalelwe ikhompyuter. Uqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemveliso yesoftware kunye neemfuno zolawulo, ishishini, zobugcisa, ukusebenza kunye nomsebenzisi.

Uvavanyo lwesoftware, okanye uvavanyo lwesoftware, lukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwesicelo.

Uvavanyo lweSoftware ikakhulu yinkqubo ebanzi eyenziwe ziinkqubo ezininzi ezinxibeleleneyo. Injongo ephambili yovavanyo lwesoftware kukulinganisa ingqibelelo yesoftware kunye nokuphelela kwayo ngokweemfuno zayo eziphambili. Uvavanyo lweSoftware lubandakanya uvavanyo kunye nokujonga isoftware ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Iinjongo zezi nkqubo zinokubandakanya:

Ukuqinisekiswa kokugqibelela kwesoftware ngokubhekiselele kwiimfuno zokusebenza / zeshishini
Ukuchonga ibugs/iimpazamo zobugcisa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba isoftwe ayinazimpazamo
Uvavanyo lokusebenziseka, ukusebenza, ukhuseleko, indawo yokuhlala, ukuhambelana kunye nofakelo
Isoftware evavanyiweyo kufuneka iphumelele zonke iimvavanyo eziza kuthathwa njengepheleleyo okanye zilungele ukusetyenziswa. Ezinye zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwesoftware ziquka uvavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe, uvavanyo lwebhokisi emnyama, kunye novavanyo lwebhokisi engwevu. Ngaphaya koko, isoftware inokuvavanywa iyonke, kumacandelo/iiyunithi okanye ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ephilayo.

Uvavanyo lwebhokisi emnyama

Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eliMnyama yindlela yokuvavanya isoftware egxile ekuhlalutyeni ukusebenza kwesoftware, xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwenkqubo. Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eliMnyama laphuhliswa njengendlela yokuhlalutya iimfuno zabathengi, iinkcukacha kunye nezicwangciso zoyilo oluphezulu.

Umvavanyi weBhokisi eliMnyama ukhetha iseti yegalelo elisebenzayo nelingasebenziyo kunye neemeko zokwenziwa kwekhowudi kunye nokukhangela iimpendulo ezisebenzayo.

Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eliMnyama likwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olusebenzayo okanye uvavanyo lwebhokisi evaliweyo.

Injini yokukhangela ngumzekelo olula wesicelo esiphantsi kovavanyo lwebhokisi emnyama. Umsebenzisi we-injini yokukhangela ufaka isicatshulwa kwibar yokukhangela kwisikhangeli sewebhu. I-injini yokukhangela emva koko ifumana kwaye ikhuphe iziphumo zedatha yomsebenzisi (imveliso).

Izibonelelo zoVavanyo lweBhokisi emnyama ziquka:

  • Ukulula: Iququzelela ukuvavanywa koyilo oluphezulu kunye nezicelo ezinzima
  • Gcina izixhobo: Abavavanyi bagxile ekusebenzeni kwesoftware.
  • Amatyala ovavanyo: Gxininisa ekusebenzeni kwesoftware ukuququzelela uphuhliso lovavanyo olukhawulezayo.
  • Ibonelela ngokuguquguquka: akukho lwazi lwenkqubo lufunekayo.

Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eMnyama lukwanalo nokungalunganga, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

  • Ukuyila nokugcina iimeko zovavanyo / izikripthi zinokuba yingxaki kuba izixhobo zoVavanyo lweBhokisi eliMnyama zixhomekeke kumagalelo aziwayo.
  • Ukusebenzisana nojongano lomsebenzisi womzobo (GUI) kunokonakalisa imibhalo yovavanyo.
  • Iimvavanyo zibandakanya kuphela imisebenzi yesicelo.

Uvavanyo lweBhokisi emhlophe

Ngexesha lovavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe, ikhowudi iphunyezwa ngamaxabiso akhethwe kwangaphambili ukuze kuqinisekiswe amaxabiso asele ekhethiwe. Uvavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe luhlala lubandakanya ukubhala ikhowudi ye-stub (iqhekeza lekhowudi esetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umsebenzi othile. I-stub inokulinganisa ukuziphatha kwekhowudi ekhoyo, njengenkqubo kumatshini okude.) kunye nabaqhubi.

Izibonelelo zovavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe ziquka:

  • Ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweemeko zovavanyo kwaye inika uzinzo olukhulu
  • Yenza usetyenziso lwekhowudi lube lula
  • Yenza kube lula ukufumana iindawo zeempazamo ezifihliweyo kwizigaba zokuqala zophuhliso
  • Ukuququzelela uvavanyo lwesicelo olusebenzayo
  • Ususa imigca yekhowudi engeyomfuneko


Izinto ezingeloncedo ziquka:

  • Ifuna umvavanyi onamava ngolwazi lwesakhiwo sangaphakathi
  • Kuthatha ixesha
  • Iindleko eziphezulu
  • Ikhowudi bit ukuqinisekiswa kunzima.
  • Uvavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe lubandakanya uvavanyo lweyunithi, uvavanyo lokudibanisa, kunye novavanyo lokubuyela umva.

Uvavanyo lweNyunithi

Uvavanyo lweYunithi licandelo lomjikelo wobomi bophuhliso lwesoftware (i-SDLC) apho inkqubo yovavanyo ebanzi isetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwezona ndawo zincinci zenkqubo yesoftware yokufaneleka okanye ukusebenza okunqwenelekayo.


Uvavanyo lweyunithi luvavanyo lomgangatho kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo esetyenziswa kuninzi lwemisebenzi yophuhliso lwesoftware yeshishini. Ngokubanzi, uvavanyo lweyunithi luvavanya ukuba ikhowudi yesoftware ihambelana njani nenjongo iyonke yesoftware / yesicelo / inkqubo kunye nendlela ukufaneleka kwayo kuchaphazela ngayo ezinye iiyunithi ezincinci. Uvavanyo lweyunithi lunokwenziwa ngesandla - ngumthuthukisi omnye okanye ngaphezulu - okanye ngesisombululo sesoftware ezenzekelayo.

Ngexesha lokuvavanya, iyunithi nganye yodwa kwiprogram ephambili okanye i-interface. Uvavanyo lweyunithi lwenziwa ngokwesiqhelo emva kophuhliso naphambi kokukhululwa, ngaloo ndlela kuququzelela ukudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa kwengxaki kwangoko. Ubungakanani okanye umda weyunithi uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kulwimi lwenkqubo, usetyenziso lwesoftware, kunye neenjongo zovavanyo.

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo yinkqubo yovavanyo esetyenziswa ngaphakathi kophuhliso lwesoftware apho isoftware ivavanywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana nazo zonke iimfuno. Yindlela yokujonga isoftware ukuqinisekisa ukuba inawo wonke umsebenzi ofunekayo ochazwe kwiimfuno zayo zokusebenza.


Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiqwenga sesoftware sibonelela ngemveliso efanayo efunwa ngumsebenzisi wokugqibela okanye ishishini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo olusebenzayo lubandakanya ukuvavanya kunye nokuthelekisa umsebenzi ngamnye wesoftware kwiimfuno zoshishino. Isoftware ivavanywa ngokuyinika amanye amagalelo anxulumeneyo ukuze imveliso ivavanywe ukubona ukuba ihambelana njani, ihambelana, okanye iyahluka kwiimfuno zayo ezisisiseko. Ngaphezu koko, iimvavanyo ezisebenzayo zikwajonga ukusebenziseka kwesoftware, umzekelo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yokukhangela isebenza njengoko kufuneka.

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Uvavanyo lokubuyela umva

Uvavanyo lokuhlehla luhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba iingxaki ezintsha zisisiphumo sotshintsho kwisoftware.

Ngaphambi kokufaka utshintsho, inkqubo iyavavanywa. Emva kokuba utshintsho lusetyenzisiwe, inkqubo iyavavanywa kwakhona kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ukubona ukuba utshintsho ludale iibugs ezintsha okanye iingxaki okanye ukuba olo tshintsho lufezekise injongo yalo.


Uvavanyo lokubuyela umva luyimfuneko kwizicelo ezinkulu zesoftware, njengoko kuhlala kunzima ukwazi ukuba ukutshintsha indawo enye yengxaki kudale ingxaki entsha kwindawo eyahlukileyo yesicelo. Ngokomzekelo, utshintsho kwifomu yemboleko yesicelo sebhanki kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwengxelo yokuthengiselana yenyanga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingxaki zinokubonakala zinganxulumananga, kodwa ngokwenene zinokuba ngunobangela wonxunguphalo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi bezicelo.

Ezinye iimeko ezifuna uvavanyo lokuhlehla ziquka ukufumanisa ukuba utshintsho oluthile lufezekisa injongo emiselweyo okanye uvavanyo lweengozi ezintsha ezinxulumene neengxaki eziphinda zivele emva kwexesha elingenangxaki.

Uvavanyo lwangoku lokubuyisela umva luphathwa ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zovavanyo lwentengiso ezithatha iisnapshots zesoftware esele zithelekiswe emva kokufaka utshintsho oluthile. Phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba abavavanyi abangabantu benze imisebenzi efanayo ngokufanelekileyo njengabavavanyi besoftware ezenzekelayo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ngezicelo ezinkulu, ezintsonkothileyo zesoftware ngaphakathi kweemeko ezinkulu zekhompyuter ezinjengeebhanki, izibhedlele, iinkampani ezivelisayo, kunye nabathengisi abakhulu.

Uvavanyo loxinzelelo

Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lubhekiselele kuvavanyo lwesoftware okanye i-hardware ukujonga ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kuyanelisa phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo nezingathandekiyo, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yetrafikhi yenethiwekhi enzima, ukulayishwa kwenkqubo, i-underclocking, i-overclocking kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.

Uninzi lweenkqubo ziphuhliswa kuthathwe iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Ngoko ke, nangona umda ugqithisiwe, iimpazamo azinamsebenzi ukuba inkqubo ivavanywa ngoxinzelelo ngexesha lophuhliso.


Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

  • Isoftware: Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lugxininisa ubukho kunye nokuphatha iimpazamo phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba isoftwe ayintlitheka ngenxa yemithombo engonelanga. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lweSoftware lujolise kwiintengiselwano ezichongiweyo ukulahla ukuthengiselana, ezigxininiswe kakhulu ngexesha lovavanyo, nangona i-database ingenalo umthwalo. Inkqubo yokuvavanya uxinzelelo ilayisha abasebenzisi abahambelanayo ngaphaya kwamanqanaba enkqubo eqhelekileyo ukufumana ikhonkco elibuthathaka kakhulu kwinkqubo.
  • I-Hardware: Uvavanyo loxinzelelo luqinisekisa uzinzo kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zekhompyuter.
  • Iiwebhusayithi: Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lumisela imida yayo nayiphi na indawo yokusebenza.
  • I-CPU: Utshintsho olufana nokugqithiswa, ukungazinzi, ukuvalela ngaphantsi, kunye nokuvalwa kwe-overlocking kuyavavanywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba bayakwazi ukusingatha imithwalo enzima ngokuqhuba inkqubo ye-CPU-intensive ukuvavanya ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo okanye umkhenkce. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-CPU lukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokuthuthunjiswa.

Iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo

Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo (i-software yovavanyo oluzenzekelayo) yindlela yokuvavanya ikhowudi eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zesofthiwe ezikhethekileyo eziqhuba iimvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zithelekise iziphumo zokwenene zovavanyo kwiziphumo ezilindelekileyo.

Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhanjisweni okuqhubekayo (CD), ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (CI), i-DevOps, kunye ne-DevSecOps. Izibonelelo eziphambili zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo ziquka:

  • Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lugcina ixesha kunye nemali yabaphuhlisi ngokwenza inkqubo yovavanyo isebenze ngakumbi.
  • Iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo zichonga iimpazamo ngokufanelekileyo kuneemvavanyo zezandla.
  • Xa iimvavanyo zizenzekelayo, izixhobo ezininzi zokuvavanya zinokusetyenziswa ngokufanayo.


Kuphuhliso lwesoftware, luncedo ngakumbi ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo asinazo iimpazamo zokudibanisa kwaye senza umsebenzi ojoliswe kuwo.

Ukuthatha ixesha lokuziqhelanisa novavanyo lwesoftware ekugqibeleni kuya kusindisa ixesha labaphuhlisi ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshintsha ikhowudi ukwaphula ukusebenza okukhoyo.


Uvavanyo sisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yophuhliso. Iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iibugs zisonjululwe kwaye imveliso, isoftwe okanye ihardware, isebenza ngokulindelekileyo okanye ikufutshane ekujoliswe kuyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, kunokuvavanya ngesandla, kubalulekile ukuhambisa rhoqo isofthiwe yeendleko ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye neziphene ezincinci.

Iindidi zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo olusetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwesoftware
  • Uvavanyo lweyunithi: Vavanya inkqubo enye yenqanaba elisezantsi kwindawo ekwanti phambi kokuvavanya ukudityaniswa kwayo nezinye iiyunithi.
  • Uvavanyo lokudibanisa: Iimvavanyo zeyunithi kunye namanye amacandelo esicelo avavanywa njengequmrhu elidibeneyo.
  • Uvavanyo olusebenzayo: Uvavanya ukuba ingaba inkqubo yesoftware iziphatha ngendlela efanele na.
  • Uvavanyo lokusebenza: Vavanya ukomelela kwesicelo phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kunokulindelekileyo. Iimvavanyo zentsebenzo zihlala zityhila imiqobo.
  • Uvavanyo lomsi: Qinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo luzinzile ngokwaneleyo ukuze uqhubeke novavanyo olongezelelweyo.
  • Uvavanyo lwesikhangeli: Qinisekisa ukuba amacandelo esoftware ayahambelana nezikhangeli ezahlukeneyo.

Uvavanyo lwezandla lwenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngexesha lophuhliso, kodwa oku kwenziwa ikakhulu ngabaphuhlisi okanye iinjineli zehardware ngokwabo ukujonga ngokukhawuleza ukuba utshintsho olwenziweyo luvelise umphumo oyifunayo.

Ercole Palmeri

Ileta yeendaba entsha
Ungaphoswa zezona ndaba zibalulekileyo kutshintsho. Bhalisa ukuze uzifumane nge-imeyile.

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