Uvavanyo lwesoftware, okanye uvavanyo lwesoftware, lukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwesicelo.
Uvavanyo lweSoftware ikakhulu yinkqubo ebanzi eyenziwe ziinkqubo ezininzi ezinxibeleleneyo. Injongo ephambili yovavanyo lwesoftware kukulinganisa ingqibelelo yesoftware kunye nokuphelela kwayo ngokweemfuno zayo eziphambili. Uvavanyo lweSoftware lubandakanya uvavanyo kunye nokujonga isoftware ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Iinjongo zezi nkqubo zinokubandakanya:
Ukuqinisekiswa kokugqibelela kwesoftware ngokubhekiselele kwiimfuno zokusebenza / zeshishini
Ukuchonga ibugs/iimpazamo zobugcisa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba isoftwe ayinazimpazamo
Uvavanyo lokusebenziseka, ukusebenza, ukhuseleko, indawo yokuhlala, ukuhambelana kunye nofakelo
Isoftware evavanyiweyo kufuneka iphumelele zonke iimvavanyo eziza kuthathwa njengepheleleyo okanye zilungele ukusetyenziswa. Ezinye zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwesoftware ziquka uvavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe, uvavanyo lwebhokisi emnyama, kunye novavanyo lwebhokisi engwevu. Ngaphaya koko, isoftware inokuvavanywa iyonke, kumacandelo/iiyunithi okanye ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ephilayo.
Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eliMnyama yindlela yokuvavanya isoftware egxile ekuhlalutyeni ukusebenza kwesoftware, xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwenkqubo. Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eliMnyama laphuhliswa njengendlela yokuhlalutya iimfuno zabathengi, iinkcukacha kunye nezicwangciso zoyilo oluphezulu.
Umvavanyi weBhokisi eliMnyama ukhetha iseti yegalelo elisebenzayo nelingasebenziyo kunye neemeko zokwenziwa kwekhowudi kunye nokukhangela iimpendulo ezisebenzayo.
Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eliMnyama likwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olusebenzayo okanye uvavanyo lwebhokisi evaliweyo.
Injini yokukhangela ngumzekelo olula wesicelo esiphantsi kovavanyo lwebhokisi emnyama. Umsebenzisi we-injini yokukhangela ufaka isicatshulwa kwibar yokukhangela kwisikhangeli sewebhu. I-injini yokukhangela emva koko ifumana kwaye ikhuphe iziphumo zedatha yomsebenzisi (imveliso).
Izibonelelo zoVavanyo lweBhokisi emnyama ziquka:
Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eMnyama lukwanalo nokungalunganga, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ngexesha lovavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe, ikhowudi iphunyezwa ngamaxabiso akhethwe kwangaphambili ukuze kuqinisekiswe amaxabiso asele ekhethiwe. Uvavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe luhlala lubandakanya ukubhala ikhowudi ye-stub (iqhekeza lekhowudi esetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umsebenzi othile. I-stub inokulinganisa ukuziphatha kwekhowudi ekhoyo, njengenkqubo kumatshini okude.) kunye nabaqhubi.
Izibonelelo zovavanyo lwebhokisi emhlophe ziquka:
Izinto ezingeloncedo ziquka:
Uvavanyo lweYunithi licandelo lomjikelo wobomi bophuhliso lwesoftware (i-SDLC) apho inkqubo yovavanyo ebanzi isetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwezona ndawo zincinci zenkqubo yesoftware yokufaneleka okanye ukusebenza okunqwenelekayo.
Uvavanyo lweyunithi luvavanyo lomgangatho kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo esetyenziswa kuninzi lwemisebenzi yophuhliso lwesoftware yeshishini. Ngokubanzi, uvavanyo lweyunithi luvavanya ukuba ikhowudi yesoftware ihambelana njani nenjongo iyonke yesoftware / yesicelo / inkqubo kunye nendlela ukufaneleka kwayo kuchaphazela ngayo ezinye iiyunithi ezincinci. Uvavanyo lweyunithi lunokwenziwa ngesandla - ngumthuthukisi omnye okanye ngaphezulu - okanye ngesisombululo sesoftware ezenzekelayo.
Ngexesha lokuvavanya, iyunithi nganye yodwa kwiprogram ephambili okanye i-interface. Uvavanyo lweyunithi lwenziwa ngokwesiqhelo emva kophuhliso naphambi kokukhululwa, ngaloo ndlela kuququzelela ukudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa kwengxaki kwangoko. Ubungakanani okanye umda weyunithi uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kulwimi lwenkqubo, usetyenziso lwesoftware, kunye neenjongo zovavanyo.
Uvavanyo olusebenzayo yinkqubo yovavanyo esetyenziswa ngaphakathi kophuhliso lwesoftware apho isoftware ivavanywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana nazo zonke iimfuno. Yindlela yokujonga isoftware ukuqinisekisa ukuba inawo wonke umsebenzi ofunekayo ochazwe kwiimfuno zayo zokusebenza.
Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiqwenga sesoftware sibonelela ngemveliso efanayo efunwa ngumsebenzisi wokugqibela okanye ishishini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo olusebenzayo lubandakanya ukuvavanya kunye nokuthelekisa umsebenzi ngamnye wesoftware kwiimfuno zoshishino. Isoftware ivavanywa ngokuyinika amanye amagalelo anxulumeneyo ukuze imveliso ivavanywe ukubona ukuba ihambelana njani, ihambelana, okanye iyahluka kwiimfuno zayo ezisisiseko. Ngaphezu koko, iimvavanyo ezisebenzayo zikwajonga ukusebenziseka kwesoftware, umzekelo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yokukhangela isebenza njengoko kufuneka.
Uvavanyo lokuhlehla luhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba iingxaki ezintsha zisisiphumo sotshintsho kwisoftware.
Ngaphambi kokufaka utshintsho, inkqubo iyavavanywa. Emva kokuba utshintsho lusetyenzisiwe, inkqubo iyavavanywa kwakhona kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ukubona ukuba utshintsho ludale iibugs ezintsha okanye iingxaki okanye ukuba olo tshintsho lufezekise injongo yalo.
Uvavanyo lokubuyela umva luyimfuneko kwizicelo ezinkulu zesoftware, njengoko kuhlala kunzima ukwazi ukuba ukutshintsha indawo enye yengxaki kudale ingxaki entsha kwindawo eyahlukileyo yesicelo. Ngokomzekelo, utshintsho kwifomu yemboleko yesicelo sebhanki kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwengxelo yokuthengiselana yenyanga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingxaki zinokubonakala zinganxulumananga, kodwa ngokwenene zinokuba ngunobangela wonxunguphalo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi bezicelo.
Ezinye iimeko ezifuna uvavanyo lokuhlehla ziquka ukufumanisa ukuba utshintsho oluthile lufezekisa injongo emiselweyo okanye uvavanyo lweengozi ezintsha ezinxulumene neengxaki eziphinda zivele emva kwexesha elingenangxaki.
Uvavanyo lwangoku lokubuyisela umva luphathwa ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zovavanyo lwentengiso ezithatha iisnapshots zesoftware esele zithelekiswe emva kokufaka utshintsho oluthile. Phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba abavavanyi abangabantu benze imisebenzi efanayo ngokufanelekileyo njengabavavanyi besoftware ezenzekelayo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ngezicelo ezinkulu, ezintsonkothileyo zesoftware ngaphakathi kweemeko ezinkulu zekhompyuter ezinjengeebhanki, izibhedlele, iinkampani ezivelisayo, kunye nabathengisi abakhulu.
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lubhekiselele kuvavanyo lwesoftware okanye i-hardware ukujonga ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kuyanelisa phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo nezingathandekiyo, ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yetrafikhi yenethiwekhi enzima, ukulayishwa kwenkqubo, i-underclocking, i-overclocking kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Uninzi lweenkqubo ziphuhliswa kuthathwe iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Ngoko ke, nangona umda ugqithisiwe, iimpazamo azinamsebenzi ukuba inkqubo ivavanywa ngoxinzelelo ngexesha lophuhliso.
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kwezi meko zilandelayo:
Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo (i-software yovavanyo oluzenzekelayo) yindlela yokuvavanya ikhowudi eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zesofthiwe ezikhethekileyo eziqhuba iimvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zithelekise iziphumo zokwenene zovavanyo kwiziphumo ezilindelekileyo.
Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhanjisweni okuqhubekayo (CD), ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (CI), i-DevOps, kunye ne-DevSecOps. Izibonelelo eziphambili zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo ziquka:
Kuphuhliso lwesoftware, luncedo ngakumbi ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo asinazo iimpazamo zokudibanisa kwaye senza umsebenzi ojoliswe kuwo.
Ukuthatha ixesha lokuziqhelanisa novavanyo lwesoftware ekugqibeleni kuya kusindisa ixesha labaphuhlisi ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshintsha ikhowudi ukwaphula ukusebenza okukhoyo.
Uvavanyo sisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yophuhliso. Iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iibugs zisonjululwe kwaye imveliso, isoftwe okanye ihardware, isebenza ngokulindelekileyo okanye ikufutshane ekujoliswe kuyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, kunokuvavanya ngesandla, kubalulekile ukuhambisa rhoqo isofthiwe yeendleko ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye neziphene ezincinci.
Uvavanyo lwezandla lwenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngexesha lophuhliso, kodwa oku kwenziwa ikakhulu ngabaphuhlisi okanye iinjineli zehardware ngokwabo ukujonga ngokukhawuleza ukuba utshintsho olwenziweyo luvelise umphumo oyifunayo.
Ercole Palmeri
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