Yintoni isakhelo kubuNjineli beSoftware, defiinkcazo kunye neentlobo zesikhokelo

Ngokuphuhlisa isoftware, ikhowudi yenkqubo yokuvelisa usetyenziso lobunjineli besoftware, akukho mfuneko yokuba uqalise ukusuka ekuqaleni ngalo lonke ixesha uqala iprojekthi entsha.

Kukho iisistim kunye nezixhobo ezenzelwe ukunceda umdwelisi wenkqubo ukuba aqalise usetyenziso olutsha kwaye azigcine kangangoko. Izakhelo ziyisoftware ephuhliswe kwaye isetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi ukwenza usetyenziso.

Yintoni isakhelo?

Ngenxa yokuba izikhokelo zihlala zakhiwe, zivavanywa, kwaye zenziwe zalungiswa ziinjineli ezininzi ezinamava kunye nabadwelisi benkqubo, izikhokelo zesoftware ziyaguquguquka, zomelele, kwaye ziyasebenza.

Ukusebenzisa isakhelo sesoftware ukuphuhlisa izicelo kukuvumela ukuba ugxininise ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwesicelo. Oku kungenxa yokuba nayiphi na imigangatho ephantsi yokusebenza iphathwa sisikhokelo ngokwaso.

Kutheni sisebenzisa izikhokelo?

Uphuhliso lwesoftware yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Ifuna uthotho lwemisebenzi ngamanye amaxesha entsonkothileyo kwaye echaziweyo: ukukhawula, ukuqokelela iimfuno, uhlalutyo, ucwangciso, ukhowudo, uyilo kunye novavanyo. Kwinxalenye yekhowudi kuphela, abadwelisi benkqubo kwafuneka bajongane ne-syntax, izibhengezo, imiyalelo, ngaphandle, kunye nokunye.

Izikhokelo zeSoftware zenza ubomi bube lula kubaphuhlisi ngokubavumela ukuba balawule yonke inkqubo yophuhliso lwesoftware, okanye uninzi lwayo, ukusuka kwiqonga elinye.

Izinto eziluncedo zokusebenzisa isakhelo sesoftware:

• Inceda ukuseka ezona nkqubo zilungileyo zokucwangcisa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweetemplate zoyilo
• Ikhowudi ephuhliswe ngokusetyenziswa kwesakhelo ikhuselekile ngakumbi
• Iikhowudi eziphindiweyo nezingafunekiyo zinokuthintelwa
• Inceda ukuphuhlisa ikhowudi ehambelanayo kunye neebhugi ezimbalwa
• Yenza lula umsebenzi kubuchwephesha obuntsonkothileyo
• Unokwenza esakho isakhelo sesoftware okanye ube negalelo kwisikhokelo somthombo ovulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni
• Amacandelo amaninzi ekhowudi kunye nokusebenza kwakhiwe kwangaphambili kwaye kuhlolwe kwangaphambili. Oku kwenza izicelo zithembeke ngakumbi
• Ukuvavanya kunye nokulungisa ikhowudi yakho kulula kakhulu kwaye kunokwenziwa nangabaphuhlisi abangenabo ikhowudi
• Ixesha elithathayo ukuphuhlisa isicelo lincitshiswe kakhulu

Yenziwe ngantoni iNkqubo-sikhokelo?

Xa ufaka isakhelo sesoftware, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ziimfuno zenkqubo. Nje ukuba ifakelwe kwaye iqwalaselwe, isakhelo sidala ubume bolawulo.

Ngokomzekelo, lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa i-Laravel Framework directory structure. Nganye kwezi folda ingaba noovimba beefayili ezongezelelweyo. Oovimba beefayili banokuqulatha iifayile, iiklasi, iindlela zovavanyo, iitemplates, nokunye.

Umahluko phakathi kwethala leencwadi kunye nesakhelo

Abanye banokucinga ukuba isakhelo sesoftware yingqokelela yamathala eencwadi kanye njengokuba iilayibrari ziyingqokelela yeenkqubo eziqulunqwe kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyonyani njengoko ingezizo zonke iinkqubo zesoftware ezisebenzisayo okanye zixhomekeke kumathala eencwadi.

Umahluko phakathi kwethala leencwadi kunye nesakhelo kukuba le yokugqibela ibiza ikhowudi. Ngokwahlukileyo, ikhowudi ibiza ilayibrari yesoftware. Makhe sibone umzekelo:

curl lithala leencwadi PHP. Xa usebenzisa enye yemisebenzi ye-curl, ikhowudi ye-PHP ibiza loo msebenzi othile kwilayibrari ye-curl. Ikhowudi yakho ngumfowuni kwaye ikhowudi yethala leencwadi ngulowo ufowunayo.

Xa usebenzisa isakhelo PHP, njenge Laravel, ubudlelwane bubuyiselwa umva kwaye emva koko isakhelo sesoftware sibiza ikhowudi yesicelo ebhalwe kwisakhelo. Oku kwaziwa ngokobuchwephesha ngokuba Uguqulo loLawulo (IoC).

Ulwimi lokuprograma ngokuchasene nesakhelo

Ulwimi lokuprograma luxelela ikhomputha into emayiyenze. Ulwimi ngalunye lokuprograma lune-syntax ethile kunye neseti yemithetho, ekufuneka ilandelwe rhoqo xa ubhala ikhowudi yakho.

Isakhelo sesoftware sakhiwe kulwimi lokuprograma. Njengokuba,

Imizila, kwaziwa njenge Ruby nge Rails, sisikhokelo sewebhu esekwe kulwimi lokuprograma ilitye elinqabileyo elibomvu.

Django e IFlask zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zewebhu ezisekelwe kulwimi lokuprograma Python. Ngenxa yoko, zikwabizwa ngokuba ziziseko Python. usabela e emboxo zizikhokelo zewebhu zangaphambili ezisekelwe kulwimi lokuprograma JavaScript.

Iintlobo zeNkqubo-sikhokelo

Umcwangcisi wenkqubo kufuneka ajonge izikhokelo ezilungele iimfuno zakhe. Nokuba isebenza kwiwebhusayithi, yenze data science, ulawulo lwe sedata okanye izicelo ze mobile, kukho iinkqubo zesoftware yazo zonke iintlobo zenkqubo yesoftware.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zesoftware ukwenza lula uphuhliso lwesicelo kuluhlu olubanzi lwemimandla yophuhliso lwesicelo. Makhe sibone ngezantsi ezinye zeenkqubo zesoftware ezisetyenziswa kakhulu:

Isakhelo sesicelo sewebhu

1. Anginyoka

emboxo isekwe kwi Uhlobo lokubhaliweyo, isakhelo Isikripthi seJava Vula Umnikezi eyenza kubelula ukwakha izicelo kwiwebhu emboxo ixhasa uphuhliso lwesicelo ngokudibanisa iimodeli ezichazayo, inaliti yokuxhomekeka, izixhobo zokuphela-to-ekupheleni, kunye nokunye.

emboxo ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhe izicelo ezihlala kuyo web, izixhobo eziselfowuni e desktop.

Isakhelo seJavaScript esidumileyo sisetyenziswa kusetyenziso olujongene noluntu kunye neziza ezifana Platform ye Cloud Google e AdWordskunye nakwizixhobo ezininzi zangaphakathi zikaGoogle.

Ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezidumileyo ziphuhliswe kusetyenziswa AngularJS zezi:

• Netflix
• Paypal
• Upwork
• Youtube
• Django

2. Django

Django sisicelo sewebhu esisimahla nesivulelekileyo esibhalwe kuyo Python. Yenziwe liqela labaphuhlisi abanamava, Django ijongene nophuhliso lwewebhu ukwenzela ukuba abaphuhlisi banokugxila ekubhaleni izicelo ngaphandle kokubuyisela izinto esele bezazi.

Imibutho emikhulu isebenzisa ngokukhutheleyo Django ekuphuhlisweni kwayo. Ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezidumileyo ziphuhliswe kusetyenziswa Django zezi:

• Disqu
• Instagram
• Mozilla
• Twilley

3. ILaravel

Laravel sisikhokelo sesicelo sewebhu esekwe kwi PHP ngesivakalisi esicacileyo nesinomtsalane. Isakhelo si Vula Umnikezi, kwaye ilandela ipateni yoyilo lwesilawuli sokujonga eyomelele kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda.

Ngokutsho iintsingiselo Google, Laravel ithathwa njengesakhelo PHP enamandla ngakumbi, enikezela ngemigangatho, iqonga elityebileyo lokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwewebhu lwe-PHP olusebenza kakhulu.

Ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezidumileyo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa iLaravel zezi:

• I-Alison.com
• Barchart.com
• Ubumelwane boMboleki
• Ukuhamba kweHlabathi

Isakhelo se Data Science

1.Apache Spark

Apache Spark yinjini yohlalutyo edityanisiweyo yokusetyenzwa kwedatha enkulu. Ungabhala ngokukhawuleza izicelo kwi Java, Scala, Python, R e SQL usebenzisa Apache Spark.

Ngaphezulu kwe-3.000 yeenkampani zisebenzisa i-Apache Spark, kubandakanya iinkampani ezinkulu ezinje:

• Amazon
• ServerAdmin
• Izitena zedatha
• Imisebenzi yeHorton
• Microsoft
• Oracle
• Verizon
• ivisa

2. IPyTorch

I-PyTorch sisikhokelo Vula Umnikezi di ukufunda ngokuzenzekelayo ekhawulezisa inkqubo ukusuka kuphando kunye neprototyping ukuya ekuphunyezweni kwemveliso.

Ikakhulu iphuhliswe liqela lophando lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwe Facebook, I-PyTorch ingasetyenziswa kunye Python e C ++. I-PyTorch isetyenziselwa Umbono wekhompyutha e Ukusetyenziswa koLwimi lweNdalo (NLP). Ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezidumileyo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa iPyTorch zezi:

• Comcast
• Exelon
• ezintathu
• Quadient

3. TensorFlow

TensorFlow sisikhokelo Vula Umnikezi Ukuphela kokuphela nge l nganyeukufunda ngokuzenzekelayo (Ukufunda ngoomatshini). Ine-ecosystem ebanzi neguquguqukayo yezixhobo, amathala eencwadi kunye nezixhobo zoluntu ezivumela abaphandi ukuba bazintywilisele kwi-ecosystem. U kufunda kunye nabaphuhlisi ukuba bakhe ngokukhawuleza kwaye basebenzise ML.

izicelo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ze TensorFlow kulala

• Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) ukuqondwa komfanekiso kunye nokusebenza.
• Iimodeli ezinobungakanani obukhulu uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokubikezela okulula kokuziphatha.
• Iimodeli zokulandelelana-ukuya-kulandelelwano (Seq2Seq) kwiimpawu ezinxulumene nolwimi lomntu.

Isakhelo sophuhliso lweapp ephathwayo

1.Ionic

Ionic yi zixhobo yojongano lwasimahla noluvulelekileyo lomsebenzisi ohambahambayo wokuphuhlisa umgangatho ophezulu weqonga usetyenziso lwemveli lwe-Android, iOS kunye newebhu, zonke zisuka kwisiseko sekhowudi enye.

I-Ionic liqonga lophuhliso lomjikelo wesicelo elenza ukuba amaqela akhe usetyenziso olungcono, olukhawulezayo. Ezinye zezicelo ezidumileyo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa i-Ionic zezi:

• MarketWatch
• McDonald's eTurkey
• IPacifica

2.Xamarin

Xamarin liqonga lophuhliso lomthombo ovulekileyo wokwakha izicelo kwi Android, iOS ngenxa ye .NET e C#. Isakhelo Xamarin yinxalenye yeqonga .NET enoluntu olusebenzayo lwabaphuhlisi abangaphezu kwama-60.000 abaphuma kwiinkampani ezingaphezu kwama-3.700.

Ezinye zezicelo ezidumileyo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa Xamarin zezi:

• Isicelo somthengi weAlaska Airlines
• I-CA Mobile yeenkonzo zebhanki eziphathwayo
• Novarum DX, app yonyango

3. Ibhabhathane

Flutter sisixhobo se-UI sikaGoogle sokwenza izinto ezintle, ezidityaniswe ngokwemveli zezixhobo eziphathwayo, web kunye needesktop ukusuka kwisiseko sekhowudi enye. Inojongano lomsebenzisi olucacileyo noluguquguqukayo kwaye ibonelela ngomsebenzi wemveli kuwo onke amaqonga iOS e Android.

Ezinye zezicelo ezidumileyo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa Flutter zezi:

• I-Alibaba (i-e-commerce)
• I-Cryptography
• Iintengiso zikaGoogle (izinto eziluncedo)

Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ngesakhelo sesoftware

Kungumbono olungileyo ukufunda nokuphuhlisa izakhono zokukhowuda ngokufunda iinuances zolwimi lokuprograma phambi kokusebenzisa izikhokelo zophuhliso lwesicelo. Kungenjalo, usenokuphoswa ngamava axabisekileyo ngobuchwephesha obusisiseko obukhoyo kwisakhelo.

Ukuba awukabi ngumdwelisi onamava, kubalulekile ukuqonda ikhowudi enika amandla isakhelo. Olu lwazi luyakwenza kube lula xa udibana nemingeni enzima kwaye lukwenze ube ngumphuhlisi onamava ngokubanzi.

Abaphuhlisi abaninzi besiphelo sangaphambili bafaka isandla kwisikhokelo somthombo ovulekileyo ukuxhasa lonke uluntu lwabaphuhlisi. Umzekelo, abaphuhlisi be Uphando yenza AngularJS e Polymer, zombini zifumaneka ngokukhululekileyo kubo bonke abaphuhlisi bangaphambili.

Abaphuhlisi abaninzi baxhasa uluntu lwangaphambili ngokufaka isandla kwiilayibrari zemithombo evulekileyo ngokunjalo.

Isiphelo

Ingcebiso esezantsi kubadwelisi benkqubo abafuna ukusebenzisa izikhokelo zesoftware kuphuhliso lwesicelo kukufunda isakhelo esitsha okanye ulwimi lwenkqubo ngokweemfuno zezicelo eziza kuphuhliswa.

Ukongezelela, hlalutya iindawo ezifana ne-front-end, i-back-end, ulawulo lwamafu kunye ne-teknoloji yeselula, i-teknoloji yesabelo semarike esinokuthi sibekho, ukuzinza, kunye nokunye, kwaye uqonde iimpawu zeteknoloji ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokubhalisa enye.

Ercole Palmeri: Innovation likhoboka