Ukuvela kothungelwano lombane kunye neenethiwekhi zedatha zihamba ngokukhawuleza. Injongo ye-decarbonisation ityhala ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziso olukhulu lwemithombo ehlaziyekayo.
Umkhwa ozisa kunye nesidingo sokulawula imveliso leyo, ngokwendalo yayo, ayikwazi ukuqhubeka okanye icwangciswe ngokweenkcukacha: photovoltaic, Umoya kunye nombane ophehlwa ngamanzi eneneni zinxulunyaniswa neziganeko ze-atmospheric ezithi kweli xesha zinciphe ngokuqikelelwa kancinci.
Ukongeza kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo, kukwakho nezinye izinto ezinempembelelo enkulu kuthungelwano olukhoyo, oluzalwe ikakhulu kwixesha apho imveliso yamandla yayishiywe phantse ngokukodwa kumafutha efosili. Njengokuba, ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye njengoko zikhula zikhula zikwazi ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa kunye negridi., amakhaya okanye ezinye iimoto. Iinkqubo zabo zokugcina ngaloo ndlela zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okutsha ekusebenziseni nasekuhanjisweni kombane.
Ukongezwa koku zizinto ezifana nokukhula rhoqo kokufakwa kwedijithali kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho ngakumbi njengokungafumaneki kwerhasi evela kwiindawo ezithile zejografi ngenxa yeengxabano ezithi zithintele ukusasazwa kwayo ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwezopolitiko. Konke oku kubangela oko ukuthetha nge "smart grid" akusanele, ngenxa yokuba le nguqulelo siza kuyibona iza kuba nentsingiselo engapheliyo.
I-"Network of the future" iya kusekelwa ikakhulu kusetyenziso lwedatha kwaye iya kwamkela iimodeli ezidityanisiweyo kakhulu. Iya kuzinza ngakumbi, yomelele, isebenze kwaye ibe bhetyebhetye. Iya kuthathwa, iyilwe, yakhiwe kwaye ilawulwe ngedijithali, ixhasa ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla esasazwayo (DER), i-microgrids, uluntu lwamandla.
Ukuphumeza ezi njongo, imikhwa emikhulu esele iqhuba ayinakungahoywa, nganye kuzo imele umngeni phakathi komngeni. Eyokuqala yile ye-DERs, inani labo likhula ngokukhawuleza. Icandelo elisisiseko limelwe yi-photovoltaics esasazwayo, phakathi kwe-2019 kunye ne-2021 yabona ukufakwa kwe 167 entsha GW kwihlabathi liphela. Idatha eqokelelwe yi-International Energy Agency sigxininisa indlela incopho yemveliso yabo edlula ngayo ukusetyenziswa okudityanisiweyo kweFransi neBrittany. Ezinye izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule zezo izithuthi zombane, iinqwelo zabo ezijikelezayo ngo-2020 zadlula i izigidi ezilishumi, kunye neyo iimpompo zobushushu, okwathi kwakuloo nyaka kwakukho malunga 180 izigidi ukusebenza.
Kwimeko yokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwee-DER kuzisa inzuzo kubathengi, abantu abazimeleyo kunye neenkampani, abanokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwinethiwekhi. Ukuba beza ngoko kudityaniswe neenkqubo zokuqokelela zisenokusetyenziswa kwakhona xa kukho ukuphazamiseka kunikezelo lwamandla okubangelwa kukugcwala okanye iimeko zemozulu ezimandundu.
Uninzi lothungelwano losasazo lwamandla lwanamhlanje lwenzelwe ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, xa ukwabelana nge-DER kwakuyinto encinci kakhulu. Namhlanje kuyimfuneko ukufumana ukuguquguquka okutsha ukuze ukwazi ukulinganisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno. Ayikokunika amandla amaninzi xa imfuno isanda ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweempompo zobushushu okanye ukutshaja izithuthi zombane. Ukuxhaphaza amandla anokufumaneka kwi-photovoltaics esasazwayo kunye nokudibanisa iinkqubo zokugcina zangasese kwigridi.
Akunjalo kuphela itekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo eguqukayo kakhulu, kodwa kunye neemodeli zoshishino. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje sele siziqhelile iindlela zemveli kwaye ezingenabungozi. Ukwamkelwa kwemimiselo emitsha ebonelela ngenkuthazo esekelwe kwintsebenzo o ukuba nokwenzeka kwe-DERs ukuba yinxalenye yeemarike "zentengiso". ingavula indlela yonikezelo olubhetyebhetye ngakumbi.
Ukubonisa indlela izinto ezinokutshintsha ngayo ngokukhawuleza:
Kwiimeko ezinje, isisombululo EcoStruxure Grid inceda izinto eziluncedo ekuguquleni izicwangciso zabo zophuhliso kunye nokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuphendula kuphuhliso lolawulo, enikezela ngezisombululo zesoftware yokuphela ukuya kokuphela ekwaziyo ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kulondolozo, ukudlula ekudalweni nasekulawuleni amanethiwekhi.
Ukunyuka kwedijithali kothungelwano kunye nenani elikhulayo ledatha elawulwayo kwandisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko lwe-cyber. Lusisoyikiso esibangelwe yi-ransomware kunye nolunye uhlaselo olwandayo lwe-cyber. Ngokutsho kwe-International Data Corporation (IDC), i-2020 zettabytes zedatha zenziwe okanye ziphindwe kwakhona kwi-64,2 kuphela, ngelixa inani ledatha yedijithali edalwe kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo iya kuba. ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini inani ledatha eyenziwe ngokufika kokugcinwa kwedijithali.
Lo mkhwa uyasebenza nakwicandelo lezamandla:
Yale, ukhuseleko womnatha wexesha elizayo kuya kufuneka ukuba womelezwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangobulumko be-IT. Ulwakhiwo olunokwehla nolusebenzisanayo oludibanisa iinkqubo ezisembindini kunye nezixhobo ezisasazwayo, zidityaniswe nokuguquguquka okukwaziyo ukulandela inguquko yexesha elizayo, sisiseko sokuphumeza. umsebenzi osekelwe kwidatha okanye iziganeko, ukusabela ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye ulungelelanise ngokukhawuleza utshintsho.
Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ulwazi oluqhutywa yidatha kuthetha yenza ixabiso elitsha leshishini ngolawulo lweziseko ezingundoqo olusebenzayo ngakumbi. Ukusetyenziswa okwandayo kwedatha kwenza kube lula ukwenza inkqubo yokubeka iliso ngokuzenzekelayo, ukwandisa ukugcinwa kwenethiwekhi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Ngelo xesha uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko ziqinisekisiwe, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba kusetyenziswe indlela edibeneyo kulawulo lomjikelo wobomi beziseko zophuhliso.
Kule meko, akufanele ilibaleke ukuba kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, ngokwe IEA, malunga ne-20% yeegridi zombane zehlabathi ziya kufuna ukutshintshwa. Ukusebenza kwabo okuqhubekayo kuye kwabeka izixhobo phantsi koxinzelelo, ngelixa ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi kubangele ukuthotywa okukhulu. Konke oku kwandiswa yinto yokuba imfuno yamandla ihlala iguquka kwaye ifuna inkqubo ekhawulezayo neyomeleleyo.
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