“Joe akadzokera kukicheni, akatora dime mune imwe yehomwe dzake ndokutanga muchina wekofi nawo. Akabva aedza kubatidza mubato wefiriji kuti atore chidhinha chemukaka. “Masendi gumi, ndapota,” firiji yakamuudza kudaro. “Masendi gumi okuvhura gonhi rangu; uye masendi mashanu ekutora kirimu." - Philip Dick - Ubik, 1969
Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerekutanga Philip Dick naLuciano Floridi vakaongorora, vamwe vaine ngano dzesainzi uye vamwe vaine huzivi, muganho unowedzera wakatetepa unoparadzanisa nyika chaiyo kubva kuhupenyu hwedhijitari.
Kunyanya, Luciano Floridi, purofesa weRuzivo Ethics paYunivhesiti yeOxford, akagadzira neologism pahupenyu kutsanangura kuuya kwenguva umo hupenyu hwezuva nezuva huchabatana neinfosphere yekutaurirana. Madhijitari masisitimu anozove ekuwedzera kwemuviri wedu, hana yedu ichabatana nekuyerera kweruzivo rwenyika yedhijitari ichiraira kusanganisa chaiko pakati pechaiyo nedhijitari. Sekureva kwaFloridi pachake, munguva pfupi iri kutevera hazvizoite chero musoro kuzvibvunza kuti uri online here kana kuti kunze kwenyika.
Pfungwa yehupenyu inoratidzwa naFloridi inoratidzika semhedzisiro yakanaka yekudyidzana kwepasirese uye ichabvumira nzanga kushanduka uye kugadzira zviitiko zvitsva zvinoshamisa. Dambudziko guru chete, maererano naFloridi, richamiririrwa ne "digital divide": kana vazhinji vanogona kuuya mukusangana uye kubatsirwa kubva kune nguva dzose kuyerera kwemashoko anomiririrwa ne infosphere, mumwe munhu achaisa pangozi kuramba akaparadzaniswa kubva pairi, achiva a akabatwa nerusarura rutsva rwunopinda mumuforo unoparadzanisa "vapfumi nevarombo muruzivo".
Pfungwa yehafu yehupenyu inooneka kekutanga mune imwe yeanonyanya kuona yesainzi sainzi novhero yaPhilip Dick: Ubik. Munovhero munyori anotsanangura remangwana umo chokwadi nekuenzanisa zvaizoguma zvave kupindirana defizvakajeka kusasiyanisa.
Joe Chip, protagonist wenyaya, anopindirana nemidziyo iyo, yakamira mukicheni yeimba yake, inopa. bevmashizha nezvikafu zvinoita semafoni ekare ekubhadhara.
Muchina wekofi uye firiji inopindirana naye, ichipa basa ravo chete mukupindura mubhadharo mumari yemasendi mashoma. Dimikira rinovhiringidza iro munyori anotarisira naro ramangwana umo zvivakwa zvepachivande zvingadai zvakapa nzira kune hupfumi hunokwanisa kupa vanhu zvese zvinodikanwa pakurarama kwavo, kuburikidza ne-micro-kubhadhara uye dzimwe nzira dzekunyoresa.
Kana tichitaura pamusoro pehupenyu isu tinowanzo simbisa izvo zvinokatyamadza uye zvitsva zvekuvandudza kutsva kwedhijitari. Mumaziso echizvarwa changu, zvakanakira ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa pamusoro pehupenyu; ingofunga kuti kunyoreswa kuri nyore kuSpotify nhasi kunobvumira vanhu kuwana katalogi yemimhanzi yakagadzirwa nemamiriyoni enziyo dzemazana ezviuru zvealbum, chiitiko icho kusvika ku90s chaive muzviroto zvedu tese vanoda mimhanzi.
Mufananidzo waPhilip Dick weramangwana, uyo mune dzimwe nzira unotoenderana nezvatiri nhasi, unopfuura nekutarisa kushoma uye zvechokwadi kutsoropodza uye kusafara. Nhasi, chaizvoizvo, sezvakaporofitwa naDick, hutori hwezviridzwa zvetekinoroji hunowedzera uye kazhinji hunotsiviwa nehupfumi hwebasa husingaregeredzi kupa zvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji zvakapararira nekusaina chibvumirano chekurenda, dzimwe nguva kunyange kusunga mutengi kune kutenga. yezvigadzirwa zvinodiwa pakushanda kwavo. Saka kwete chete mota, makomputa uye smartphones, asiwo iri nyore kofi muchina unowanzo kuvepo mukicheni yedu uchipokana nechikwereti chekushandisa chibvumirano chinopa kupihwa kwepods kana bhinzi yekofi (senge mukicheni naJoe Chip).
IInternet ipuratifomu inozvarirwa uye kugadzirwa masevhisi asingabatike anoshandiswa nemunhu wese online. Kutepfenyura masevhisi akatsiva satellite uye tambo dzeTV. Iwo akasiyana Spotify, Apple Music, Amazon Music uye kunyange geolocation masevhisi, kubva kune satellite vafambisi kuenda kune achangoburwa "ma tag" anotibatsira kuwana mota munzvimbo yekupaka yenzvimbo yekutengesa. Kunyangwe iyo vhidhiyo yekutarisa masisitimu edzimba dzedu uye zvishandiso zvekutarisa hutano hwevadikani vedu. Chimwe nechimwe chezvishandiso izvi chakabatana nesevhisi iri kure iyo inozobatana nekunyoreswa kunovharwa nekadhi rechikwereti iro rinovimbisa kuenderera kwesevhisi.
The dematerialization of ownership and its replacement with paid instruments inzira yaDick yekutsanangura hupfumi hweramangwana nemazvo chaiwo, uye izvi makore akawanda kusati kwazvarwa Indaneti nemaitiro ekubhadhara emazuva ano.
Iye, wakanaka, uye une ganda rakanaka; maziso ake, pamazuva aakavhurwa, akanga apenya bhuruu. Izvi zvaisazoitika zvakare; aigona kutaura naye uye kunzwa mhinduro yake; aikwanisa kutaura naye ... asi aisazomuona zvakare nemaziso ake akasvinura. Uye aisazomboona muromo wake uchifamba zvakare. Haana kuzombosekerera kana asvika. “Nenzira yakati, achiri neni,” akazviudza kudaro. "Iyo nzira haingave chinhu." - Philip Dick - Ubik, 1969
Mubhuku raUbik, Glen Runciter anowanzo shanyira mukadzi wake akafa kare. Muviri wake wakaiswa mukati mebhokisi re cryogenic iro rinochengeta pfungwa dzake mhenyu uye rinomupa kugona kushoma kwekutaurirana nenyika. Ella, mudzimai waGlen, ari mumamiriro ezvinhu anonzi half-life.
Iyo hafu yehupenyu pakati pehupenyu nerufu imamiriro ekuvapo umo muviri wemunhu wakafa asi mabasa epfungwa anochengetwa akasimba nekuda kwehunyanzvi.
Dimikira rehupenyu hweramangwana, hafu yeupenyu chivakwa chekunyora chinoita sechinofungidzira zvichangobva kuitika sepfungwa yekuti panogona kuve nedimikira apo munhu anogona kutamisa hupenyu hwake uye kurarama nekusingaperi. Zviri chaizvo zvakawanda.
Munovhero, hafu yeupenyu haimiriri kupukunyuka kwekuzvidira mune chaiyo asi rudzi rwekumanikidzwa kwakashata uko rufu runofanira kukundwa kana kumbomiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira vachifarira avo vanosara, kuzadza kusakwanisa kwavo. kuchema..
Kukwanisa kwaElla kutaura kubva pahafu yehupenyu hwake kunogona kuvhurwa uye kuvharwa pakuda nemurume, achiziva kuti ne "kumuka" kwega kwega pfungwa dzaElla dzaizova nhanho imwe pedyo nekuguma kwekuvapo kwake.
Saka haachisiri chinhu kunze kwechigadzirwa chinodyiwa. Nekusaziva Ella aripo muhafu yehupenyu hwake nekuda kwechinangwa chega chekuramba achitsigira murume wake asingakwanisi kuparadzana naye.
Pfungwa yehafu yehupenyu inoraira kupera kwehupenyu-rufu dichotomy asi inotarisira kuparadzaniswa kwemamwe dichotomies padyo nesu seanalog-digital, real-virtual, online-offline kazhinji. defiNite pane pfungwa dzakanga dzisati dzavapo muna 1969.
Kuna Philip Dick hazvigoneke kupikisa nzanga yecapitalist iyo inoisa munhu zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kumucheto kwehupenyu chaihwo uye zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya mukati meiyo egomaniacal yepfungwa mamiriro ayo, pasi pekukurudzirwa nguva dzose kubva kumasevhisi evaraidzo, anofadza uye anomupomera kusvika hafu. hupenyu.
Icho chokwadi chekuti iyo Internet yakanga isipo mu1969 uye makomputa akange asati apinda mudzimba dzeAmerica zvinoita kuti titende kuti chimiro chehupenyu chatinotsanangura neologism onlife hachisi zvachose mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, Internet uye kuzvarwa kweiyo. metaverse.
Iko kushanduka kweiyo infosphere, kuwanikwa kwayo, kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvakanyanyisa uye zvakachipa zvekutaurirana handizvo zvikonzero chaizvo zvekushandurwa kwehupenyu hwenyama muhupenyu hwehupenyu. Iwo ndiwo mhedzisiro yesarudzo dzehupfumi dzakagadzira iyo yazvino vhezheni yeInternet, capitalistically yakanangana nezvigadzirwa zvedhijitari, metaverses uye masevhisi anoatengesa.
Mune 'tsvakurudzo inofadza ine musoro unoti "Zvakaputsika Zvinhu: Kuverenga kweBaudrillardian kwaPhilip K. Dick's Ubik" vanyori vanonyora kuti: vanotsvaga uye havazive kana vari kuitika zvechokwadi kana kutevedzera. Nokudaro, vanoshuva kugadzirisa chokwadi uye mazita avo kuburikidza nemusika. "
Munzanga inoumbwa nevanhu vakajaira kubata nehurongwa hweukoshi hwenguva pfupi, zviri nyore kwazvo kumanikidza mhando dzekutengesa izvo munhu anogona kuita nazvo pasina muridzi wezviridzwa zvemuviri. Kana zvese zvikave zvenguva pfupi uye dzimwe nguva zvisingaite mukushanda kwayo, chokwadi chinodzikiswa uye nyika pachayo yatinogara mairi inorasikirwa nekukosha kwayo senzvimbo yekutarisa.
Indaneti haisi yehupenyu chete, Indaneti ndiyo injini yekushandurwa kwehupenyu hwedu kuva hafu yehupenyu sezvakaporofitwa naPhilip Dick uye yakatsanangurwa naye zvakadzama.
Artico di Gianfranco Fedele
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