Chii chinonzi Framework muSoftware Engineering, defitsananguro nemhando dzemafuremu

Nekugadzira software, kodhi yepurogiramu yekugadzira software engineering application, hapana chikonzero chekutanga kubva mukutanga pese paunotanga chirongwa chitsva.

Kune masisitimu uye maturusi akagadzirirwa kubatsira mugadziri kuti atange maapplication matsva uye azvichengetedze nepaanogona napo. Framework isoftware yakagadziridzwa uye inoshandiswa nevagadziri kugadzira maapplication.

Chii chinonzi framework?

Nekuti masisitimu anowanzo vakwa, akaedzwa, uye akakwenenzverwa nevanoverengeka vane ruzivo mainjiniya uye vanogadzira mapurogiramu, masisitimu esoftware anochinja-chinja, akasimba, uye anoshanda.

Kushandisa software yekugadzira maapplication inokubvumira kuti utarise pane yepamusoro-level kushanda kwechishandiso. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chero basa repasi-pasi rinobatwa nehurongwa pachayo.

Sei tichishandisa zvimiso?

Kugadzirwa kweSoftware inzira yakaoma. Inoda nhevedzano yedzimwe nguva yakaoma kwazvo uye yakatsanangurwa zviitiko: kubata, zvinodiwa kuunganidza, kuongorora, kuronga, kukodha, dhizaini uye kuyedza. Kune chikamu chekodhi chete, vagadziri vepurogiramu vaifanira kubata nesyntax, zviziviso, mirairo, kunze, nezvimwe.

Zvirongwa zveSoftware zvinoita kuti hupenyu huve nyore kune vanogadzira nekuvabvumira kutora kutonga kwese software yekuvandudza maitiro, kana mazhinji ayo, kubva papuratifomu imwe chete.

Zvakanakira kushandisa software framework:

• Inobatsira kumisikidza akanakisa hurongwa hwekuita uye kushandisa kwakakodzera kwedhizaini matemplate
• Kodhi yakagadziridzwa nekushandiswa kwechimiro chakachengeteka zvakanyanya
• Duplicate uye redundant macode anogona kudzivirirwa
• Inobatsira kugadzira kodhi inowirirana ine tsikidzi shoma
• Rerutsa basa pahunyanzvi hwekuita
• Iwe unogona kugadzira yako yega software system kana kubatsira kuvhura sosi masisitimu. Nokudaro, pane kuvandudzwa kunoenderera mberi mukushanda
• Zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvekodhi uye kushanda zvakafanovakwa uye pre-yakaedzwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti maapplication ave akavimbika
• Kuedza uye kugadzirisa kodhi yako kuri nyore uye kunogona kuitwa kunyangwe nevagadziri vasiri ivo kodhi
• Iyo nguva inotora kugadzira application yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya

Chii chinonzi Framework yakagadzirwa?

Paunenge uchiisa software framework, chinhu chekutanga chaunofanirwa kutarisira ndicho chinodiwa system. Kana yangoiswa uye yagadziriswa, chimiro chinogadzira dhairekitori chimiro.

Semuenzaniso, mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza iyo Laravel Framework dhairekitori chimiro. Imwe neimwe yemafolda aya inogona kunge iine mamwe madhairekitori. Madhairekitori anogona zvakare kuve nemafaira, makirasi, maitiro ebvunzo, matemplate, nezvimwe.

Musiyano pakati peraibhurari nehurongwa

Vamwe vangafunga kuti software framework muunganidzwa wemaraibhurari sezvakangoita maraibhurari ari muunganidzwa wezvirongwa zvakafanorongwa. Nekudaro, ichi hachisi chokwadi sezvo asiri ese software masisitimu anoshandisa kana kutsamira pamaraibhurari.

Musiyano uripo pakati peraibhurari nehurongwa ndewekuti iyo yekupedzisira inodaidza iyo kodhi. Sezvineiwo, iyo kodhi inodana software raibhurari. Ngationei muenzaniso:

curl iraibhurari yePHP. Paunoshandisa imwe yemabasa e-curl, iyo PHP kodhi inodaidza iyo chaiyo basa muraibhurari ye curl. Kodhi yako ndiye akafona uye raibhurari kodhi ndiyo callee.

Paunenge uchishandisa framework PHP, uya Laravel, hukama hunodzoserwa shure uye ipapo purogiramu yepurogiramu inodana kodhi yekushandisa yakanyorwa muhurongwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa nehunyanzvi se Inversion yekudzora (IoC).

Mutauro wepurogiramu vs chimiro

Mutauro wepurogiramu unoudza komputa zvekuita. Mutauro wega wega wekuronga une imwe syntax uye seti yemitemo, iyo inofanirwa kuteverwa pese paunonyora kodhi yako.

A software framework yakavakirwa pamutauro weprogramming. Semuyenzaniso,

Rails, inozivikanwawo se Ruby paRails, is a web framework inobva pamutauro wepurogiramu Ruby.

Django e Flask ndiwo maviri akasiyana ewebhu masisitimu anoenderana nemutauro wechirongwa Python. Saka, dzinozivikanwawo semafuremu Python. Taura e Angular iwo ari emberi-magumo ewebhu masisitimu anoenderana nemutauro wechirongwa JavaScript.

Framework Types

Mugadziri wepurogiramu anofanirwa kutsvaga marongero anonyatsoenderana nezvaanoda. Kunyangwe iri kushanda pawebhusaiti, ita data science, manejimendi e Database kana zvikumbiro zve famba, kune zvirongwa zvesoftware zvemarudzi ese esoftware programming.

Kune akawanda marudzi emasoftware masisitimu ekurerutsa kuvandudzwa kweapplication kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekusimudzira madomasi. Ngationei pazasi mamwe eanonyanya kushandiswa software masisitimu:

Webhu application framework

1. Angnyoka

Angular yakavakirwa pa TypeScript, hwaro Java script open source izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira maapplication pawebhu Angular inotsigira kusimudzira kwekushandisa nekubatanidza mamodheru anozivisa, jekiseni rekutsamira, maturusi ekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo, nezvimwe.

Angular inobvumira vanogadzira kuvaka maapplication anogara dandemutande, nharembozha e Desktop.

Iyo yakakurumbira JavaScript framework inoshandiswa muruzhinji-yakatarisana maapplication nemasaiti akadai Google Cloud Platform e AdWordsuyewo mune zvakawanda zvemukati zveGoogle zvishandiso.

Mamwe mawebhusaiti anozivikanwa akagadzirwa achishandisa AngularJS vari:

• Netflix
• Paypal
• Upwork
• Youtube
• Django

2. Django

Django ndeye yemahara uye yakavhurika sosi yewebhu application framework yakanyorwa mukati Python. Yakagadzirwa nechikwata chevagadziri vane ruzivo, Django inobata nekuvandudzwa kwewebhu kuitira kuti vanogadzira vatarise pakunyora maapplication pasina kudzoreredza zvinhu zvavanotoziva.

Masangano makuru anoshingaira kushandisa Django mukukura kwayo. Mamwe mawebhusaiti anozivikanwa akagadzirwa achishandisa Django vari:

• Disqu
• Instagram
• Mozilla
• Pinterest

3.Laravel

Laravel is a web application framework yakavakirwa pa PHP ine syntax inotaura uye inoyevedza. The framework is pachena-mabviro, uye inotevera yekuona-controller dhizaini pateni yakasimba uye iri nyore kunzwisisa.

maererano Google Maitiro, Laravel inoonekwa segadziriro PHP ine simba rakawanda, ichipa yakamisikidzwa, ficha-yakapfuma chikuva chekugadzira yepamusoro-inoshanda PHP web applications.

Mamwe mawebhusaiti anozivikanwa akagadzirwa achishandisa Laravel ndeaya:

• Prisondison.com
• Barchart.com
• Mukweretesi wemuvakidzani
• Kufamba Kwenyika

Framework ye Data Science

1.Apache Spark

Apache spark injini yakabatana yekuongorora yehukuru-hukuru hwekugadzirisa data. Unogona kukurumidza kunyora maapplication mukati Java, Scala, Python, R e SQL kushandisa Apache spark.

Makambani anopfuura zviuru zvitatu anoshandisa Apache Spark, kusanganisira makambani makuru akadai se:

• Amazon
• Cisco
• data zvidhinha
• Hortonworks
• Microsoft
• pangataura
• Verizon
• vhiza

2. PyTorch

PyTorch igadziriro open source di otomatiki kudzidza iyo inomhanyisa maitiro kubva pakutsvagisa uye prototyping kusvika pakuitwa kwekugadzira.

Yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya neArtificial Intelligence Research Group ye Facebook, PyTorch inogona kushandiswa ne Python e C ++. PyTorch inoshandiswa Computer Vision e Natural mutauro Kugadziriswa (NLP). Mamwe mawebhusaiti anozivikanwa akagadzirwa achishandisa PyTorch ndeaya:

• Comcast
• Exelon
• trifo
• Quadient

3. TensorFlow

TensorFlow igadziriro open source Kuguma-kwese pa 'otomatiki kudzidza (Muchina Kudzidza). Iyo ine yakazara uye inochinjika ecosystem yezvishandiso, maraibhurari, uye zviwanikwa zvenharaunda kuti vaongorori vanyure mukati. Machine Learning uye vanogadzira kukurumidza kuvaka uye kutumira ML.

Zvikumbiro zvitatu zvakajairika zve TensorFlow sono

• Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) yekuzivikanwa kwemufananidzo uye kugadzirisa.
• Mienzaniso mikuru-yakakura yekuongorora data uye nyore kufungidzira maitiro.
• Sequence-to-Sequence Models (Seq2Seq) kune zvimiro zvine chekuita nemutauro wevanhu.

Mobile app development framework

1.Ionic

Ionic i toolkit yemahara uye yakavhurika sosi mobile mushandisi interface yekugadzira yakakwira mhando muchinjika-chikuva zvikumbiro zveApple, iOS uye webhu, zvese kubva kune imwechete kodhi base.

Ionic ipuratifomu yekuvandudza hupenyu hwekushandisa inoita kuti zvikwata zvivake zvirinani, nekukurumidza maapplication. Mamwe eanozivikanwa maapplication akagadzirwa uchishandisa Ionic ndeaya:

• MarketWatch
• McDonald's Turkey
• Pacifica

2.Xamarin

Xamarin ndeye yemahara yakavhurika sosi application yekuvandudza chikuva chekuvaka maapplication pa Android, iOS maererano ne .com e C#. The framework Xamarin chikamu chepuratifomu .com iyo ine nharaunda inoshanda yevanopfuura 60.000 vanogadzira kubva pamusoro pe3.700 makambani.

Zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvakakurumbira zvakagadzirwa nekushandisa Xamarin vari:

• Alaska Airlines mutengi application
• CA Mobile yemasevhisi ekubhengi enhare
• Novarum DX, chirongwa chekurapa

3. Flutters

Flutter iGoogle UI toolkit yekugadzira yakanaka, yekuzvarwa yakaunganidzwa zvikumbiro zvenharembozha, dandemutande uye desktops kubva kune imwechete kodhi base. Iyo ine inoratidzira uye inochinjika mushandisi interface uye inopa yekuzvarwa maitiro pamapuratifomu iOS e Android.

Zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvakakurumbira zvakagadzirwa nekushandisa Flutter vari:

• Alibaba (ecommerce)
• Cryptography
• Google Ads (zvinobatsira)

Izvo zvaunoda kuziva usati watanga nesoftware masisitimu

Ipfungwa yakanaka kudzidza nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekukodha nekudzidza iwo nuances emutauro wechirongwa usati washandisa masisitimu ekuvandudza kwekushandisa. Zvikasadaro, unogona kunge uchirasikirwa neruzivo rwakakosha neiyo yepasi tekinoroji iripo muhurongwa.

Kana iwe usati watova mugadziri ane ruzivo, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise iyo kodhi iyo inopa simba chimiro. Ruzivo urwu rwaizoita kuti zvive nyore kana iwe uchinge wapinda mumatambudziko akaoma uye kukuita iwe ane ruzivo mugadziri zvachose.

Vazhinji vanogadzira kumberi vanopa kuvhura sosi masisitimu kutsigira nharaunda yese yekuvandudza. Somuenzaniso, vagadziri ve Google gadzira AngularJS e Polymer, ese ari maviri anowanikwa pachena kune vese vanogadzira kumberi.

Vazhinji vanogadzira vanotsigira nharaunda yekumberi-yekupedzisira nekupa kuvhura masosi maraibhurari zvakare.

Mhedziso

Iyo yepasi matipi kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu vanoda kushandisa hurongwa hwesoftware yekuvandudza application kudzidza chimiro chitsva kana mutauro wechirongwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvezvishandiso zvinogadzirwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, ongorora nzvimbo dzakaita senge kumberi-kumagumo, kumashure-kumagumo, gore manejimendi uye nharembozha, tekinoroji inogona kugovanisa musika, kuenderera, uye nezvimwe, uye kunzwisisa hunhu hwetekinoroji usati wafunga kunyoresa imwe.

Ercole Palmeri: Innovation yakapindwa muropa