Laravel middleware ka o si arụ ọrụ

Laravel middleware bụ oyi akwa ngwa etiti na-abanye n'etiti arịrịọ onye ọrụ na nzaghachi ngwa ahụ.

Nke a pụtara na mgbe onye ọrụ (Laravel view) na-arịọ arịrịọ na ihe nkesa (Laravel controller), arịrịọ ahụ ga-agafe na etiti etiti. Otu a middleware nwere ike ịlele ma ọ bụrụ na akwadoro arịrịọ a ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị: 

• ọ bụrụ na akwadoro arịrịọ onye ọrụ, a na-eziga arịrịọ ahụ na azụ azụ;
• ọ bụrụ na akwadoghị arịrịọ onye ọrụ, middleware ga-emegharị onye ọrụ na ihuenyo nbanye.

Laravel na-enye gị ohere defimechaa ma jiri middleware agbakwunyere rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche ma ewezuga nkwenye. 

Laravel middlewares, dị ka nyocha na nchekwa CSRF, dị na ndekọ aha ngwa/Http/Middleware .

Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ịsị na middleware bụ ihe nzacha arịrịọ http, nke ọ ga-ekwe omume iji nyochaa ọnọdụ ma mee omume.

Ịmepụta middleware

Iji mepụta middleware ọhụrụ anyị na-agba iwu a:

php artisan make:middleware <name-of-middleware>

Anyị na-eke middleware na anyị na-akpọ ya CheckAge, artisan ga-aza anyị otu a:

Window dị n'elu na-egosi na ejiri aha ya mee nke ọma na middleware. CheckAge ".

Iji hụ ma ọ bụrụ na emepụtara CheckAge middleware ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, gaa na ọrụ ahụ na folda ngwa / HTTP / Middleware, ị ga-ahụ faịlụ emepụtara ọhụrụ.

Faịlụ emepụtara ọhụrụ nwere koodu a

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;

class CheckAge
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        return $next($request);
    }
}

Jiri middleware

Iji jiri middleware, anyị kwesịrị ịdebanye aha ya.

Enwere ụdị middleware abụọ na Laravel:

• Middleware globale
• Route Middleware

Il Global middleware a ga-egbu na arịrịọ HTTP ọ bụla sitere na ngwa ahụ, ebe a Ụzọ Middleware a ga-ekenye ya n'otu ụzọ a kapịrị ọnụ. Enwere ike ịdebanye aha Middleware na ngwa/Http/Kernel.php. Faịlụ a nwere akụrụngwa abụọ $middware e $routeMiddleware . Ihe onwunwe $middware a na-eji edebanye aha etiti na ihe nwe ụwa $routeMiddleware a na-eji edebanye aha etiti-kpọmkwem ụzọ.

Ka ịdebanye aha middleware zuru ụwa ọnụ, depụta klaasị na njedebe nke ihe onwunwe $middware.

protected $middleware = [
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
    ];

Ka ịdebanye aha etiti-kpọmkwem ụzọ, tinye igodo na uru na akụrụngwa $routeMiddleware.

protected $routeMiddleware = [
        'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
        'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
        'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
        'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
        'password.confirm' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RequirePassword::class,
        'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
        'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
        'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
    ];

Anyị kere CheckAge na ihe atụ gara aga. Anyị nwere ike ịdebanye aha nke a na ụlọ ụzọ etiti. Egosiri koodu maka ndebanye aha dị n'okpuru.

protected $routeMiddleware = [
        'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
        'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
        'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
        'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
        'password.confirm' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RequirePassword::class,
        'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
        'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
        'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
        'Age' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
    ];

Middleware parameters

Anyị nwekwara ike ịgafe paramita na Middleware. 

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ngwa gị nwere ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka onye ọrụ, admin, super admin wdg. na ịchọrọ ịchọpụta ihe omume dabere na ọrụ ahụ, ị ​​​​nwere ike ime ya site na ịgafe paramita na middleware. 

Middleware anyị mepụtara nwere ọrụ ndị a, anyị nwere ike ịgafe arụmụka omenala mgbe arụmụka ahụ gasịrị $ ọzọ .

    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        return $next($request);
    }

Ugbu a, ka anyị gbalịa ịtọ paramita ọrụ na etiti ọhụrụ nke anyị ga-emepụta site na ọkọ, wee gaba n'ihu mepụta Role Middleware site na iji iwu na-esonụ.

Gbanwee usoro aka dị ka ndị a

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Closure;

class RoleMiddleware {
   public function handle($request, Closure $next, $role) {
      echo "Role: ".$role;
      return $next($request);
   }
}

anyị gbakwunyere oke $role, na n'ime usoro ahịrị echo iji dee mmepụta aha ọrụ.

Ugbu a, ka anyị deba aha RoleMiddleware middleware maka otu ụzọ

protected $routeMiddleware = [
        'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
        'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
        'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
        'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
        'password.confirm' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RequirePassword::class,
        'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
        'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
        'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
        'Age' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
        'Role' => \App\Http\Middleware\RoleMiddleware::class,
    ];

Ugbu a iji nwalee middleware na oke, anyị kwesịrị ịmepụta arịrịọ na nzaghachi. Iji megharịa nzaghachi ka anyị mepụta njikwa nke anyị ga-akpọ TestController

php artisan make:controller TestController --plain

iwu nke emezuru ga-emepụta onye njikwa ọhụrụ n'ime folda ahụ app/Http/TestController.php, ma gbanwee usoro index ya na ahịrị echo "<br>Test Controller.";

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Requests;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;

class TestController extends Controller {
   public function index() {
      echo "<br>Test Controller.";
   }
}

Mgbe ịtọlitechara nzaghachi, anyị na-ewu arịrịọ site na dezie faịlụ routes.phpsite n'ịgbakwunye route role

Route::get('role',[
   'middleware' => 'Role:editor',
   'uses' => 'TestController@index',
]);

N'oge a anyị nwere ike ịnwale ihe atụ site na ịga na URL http://localhost:8000/role

na ihe nchọgharị anyị ga-ahụ abụọ echo

Role editor
Test Controller

Middleware nwere ike ịkwụsị

Il terminable Middleware na-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ mgbe ezigara nzaghachi na ihe nchọgharị ahụ. Enwere ike nweta nke a site na ịmepụta etiti na usoro ahụ kwụsị na middleware. Il terminable Middleware ga-edebanye aha na middleware zuru ụwa ọnụ. Usoro terminate ga-enweta arụmụka abụọ arịrịọ $ e $ nzaghachi. 

Usoro Terminate ga-emepụta dị ka egosiri na koodu na-esonụ.

php artisan make:middleware TerminateMiddleware

Ozugbo emepụtara middleware app/Http/Middleware/TerminateMiddleware.php ka anyị gbanwee koodu dị ka ndị a

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Closure;

class TerminateMiddleware {
   public function handle($request, Closure $next) {
      echo "Executing statements of handle method of TerminateMiddleware.";
      return $next($request);
   }
   
   public function terminate($request, $response) {
      echo "<br>Executing statements of terminate method of TerminateMiddleware.";
   }
}

na nke a anyị nwere usoro handle na usoro terminate na abụọ parameters $request e $response.

Ugbu a, ka anyị debanye aha Middleware

protected $routeMiddleware = [
        'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
        'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
        'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
        'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
        'password.confirm' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RequirePassword::class,
        'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
        'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
        'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
        'Age' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
        'Role' => \App\Http\Middleware\RoleMiddleware::class,
        'terminate' => \App\Http\Middleware\TerminateMiddleware::class,
    ];

Ugbu a, anyị kwesịrị ịmepụta onye na-ahụ maka njikwa iji megharịa nzaghachi

php artisan make:controller XYZController --plain

na-agbanwe ọdịnaya nke klas ahụ

class XYZController extends Controller {
   public function index() {
      echo "<br>XYZ Controller.";
   }
}

Ugbu a, anyị kwesịrị idezi faịlụ routes/web.php na-agbakwụnye ụzọ ndị achọrọ iji mee ka arịrịọ ahụ rụọ ọrụ

Route::get('terminate',[
   'middleware' => 'terminate',
   'uses' => 'XYZController@index',
]);

N'oge a anyị nwere ike ịnwale ihe atụ site na ịga na URL http://localhost:8000/terminate

na ihe nchọgharị anyị ga-ahụ ahịrị ndị a

Executing statements of handle method of TerminateMiddleware
XYZController
Executing statements of terminate method of TerminateMiddleware

Ercole Palmeri

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